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Intervenciones para la prevención del cáncer bucal: un mapa de evidencia y brechas
Suzanne Tanya Nethan1, Maria Eduarda Pérez-de-Oliveira2, Fiona Campbell3
1IARC Handbooks Programme, Evidence Synthesis and Classification Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
International journal of cancer
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
Las estrategias de prevención del cáncer oral necesitan mejoras. Existen lagunas de investigación en el tabaco sin humo (SLT) y en las áreas de cesación del tabaco, políticas de control y prevención secundaria, especialmente para los jóvenes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Prevención del cáncer Prevención del cáncer
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer oral es una preocupación significativa para la salud mundial, clasificándose como el 16o cáncer más común en todo el mundo.
- Los esfuerzos actuales de prevención del cáncer oral se enfrentan a limitaciones, lo que requiere una revisión exhaustiva de la investigación existente y la identificación de las brechas de conocimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Mapear sistemáticamente la evidencia e identificar las brechas de investigación en cinco categorías clave de intervención para el cáncer oral.
- Informar la toma de decisiones de salud pública y guiar el desarrollo de estrategias específicas basadas en la evidencia para la prevención del cáncer oral.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de cinco evidencias y mapas de brechas utilizando 188 estudios de la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer.
- Categoría de los estudios basados en las intervenciones: agentes dietéticos preventivos, cesación de los factores de riesgo, el tabaco sin humo (SLT) y la cesación de las nueces de areca, las políticas de control de SLT / nueces de areca y la prevención secundaria.
Principales resultados:
- Las áreas más estudiadas fueron dejar de fumar factores de riesgo (57 estudios) y políticas de control (51 estudios).
- Se identificaron lagunas significativas en la investigación, incluidos estudios limitados sobre la juventud, la reversión del riesgo después del abandono de la TLS / ARECA, las intervenciones para el abandono de ARECA, las políticas de control de ARECA y la detección de individuos de alto riesgo.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una necesidad crítica de más investigación en múltiples áreas de SLT y control de nueces de área, particularmente en regiones de alta carga.
- Abordar las brechas identificadas en la investigación puede conducir a estrategias de salud pública más efectivas y basadas en la evidencia para reducir la carga global del cáncer oral.
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