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La asociación entre la enfermedad hepática esteatótica y la enfermedad renal crónica: un metanálisis y un estudio de
Xiang Ji1,2, Jinguo Jiang1,2, Yunyun Liu3
1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Nutrition & diabetes
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
La enfermedad hepática esteatótica (SLD), que incluye MAFLD, NAFLD y MASLD, está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Sin embargo, los factores metabólicos, no el propio SLD, parecen impulsar causalmente el desarrollo de ERC.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hepatología y Nefrología.
- Enfermedades Metabólicas Las enfermedades metabólicas.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad hepática estática (SLD), que abarca la enfermedad hepática grasa asociada al metabolismo (MAFLD), la enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica (NAFLD) y la enfermedad hepática estática asociada a la disfunción metabólica (MASLD) y la enfermedad renal crónica (CKD) son desafíos de salud globales significativos.
- Los factores metabólicos son fundamentales para las definiciones de MAFLD y MASLD y pueden influir en su asociación con la ERC.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para actualizar el metanálisis sobre la asociación entre SLD y el riesgo de ERC.
- Realizar un análisis de aleatorización mendeliana (MR) de dos muestras para investigar los roles causales de la SLD y los factores metabólicos en la ERC.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura de PubMed, Embase y Web of Science hasta noviembre de 2024.
- Metaanálisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios para agrupar las proporciones de probabilidad (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%.
- Análisis de RM de dos muestras utilizando el método inverso de variación ponderada (IVW) y análisis de sensibilidad.
Principales resultados:
- El metanálisis de 34 estudios (3.783.136 participantes) mostró asociaciones positivas significativas entre la EMAF, la EMAF y la EMAF con la ERC.
- El análisis de RM no reveló ningún efecto causal de SLD en el riesgo de ERC.
- Los factores metabólicos genéticamente predichos (IMC, circunferencia de la cintura, diabetes tipo 2, presión arterial, lípidos) se asociaron significativamente con un mayor riesgo de ERC.
Conclusiones:
- SLD se asocia significativamente con un mayor riesgo de ERC.
- La disfunción metabólica, más que la SLD en sí misma, parece ser el principal impulsor del riesgo de ERC.
- La detección temprana y la intervención para la salud metabólica en pacientes con SLD son cruciales para mitigar la carga de ERC.
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