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El surgimiento de la inteligencia artificial en la atención primaria respiratoria y la pulmonología: una revisión de
Joan B Soriano1,2,3, Sara Lumbreras4
1Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain. jbsoriano2@gmail.com.
NPJ primary care respiratory medicine
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) mejora la gestión de las enfermedades respiratorias a través de diagnósticos mejorados y atención personalizada. Esta revisión pone de relieve la inteligencia artificial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Pulmonar La medicina pulmonar es el tratamiento de las enfermedades pulmonares.
- La informática médica es la informática médica.
- La inteligencia artificial es inteligencia artificial.
Sus antecedentes:
- La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando la atención médica, con un potencial significativo en la medicina respiratoria.
- Las aplicaciones actuales van desde el diagnóstico hasta el manejo de enfermedades crónicas.
- Esta revisión se centra en el impacto de la IA en la salud pulmonar para los médicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para sintetizar las aplicaciones más prometedoras de la IA en medicina respiratoria.
- Informar a los pulmonólogos y médicos de familia sobre el papel de la IA en la salud pulmonar.
- Identificar los desafíos y las direcciones futuras para la IA en el cuidado respiratorio.
Principales métodos:
- Examen de alcance de las aplicaciones de IA en medicina respiratoria.
- Análisis del uso de la IA en el diagnóstico, las pruebas de función pulmonar, el monitoreo y la atención crónica.
- La consideración de áreas emergentes como la pediatría y la salud pública.
Principales resultados:
- La IA agiliza las imágenes de tórax, detecta la neumonía y los nódulos pulmonares, y mejora las pruebas de función pulmonar.
- El análisis acústico a través de wearables ofrece apoyo a la toma de decisiones no invasivo.
- La IA ayuda en el destete de ventilación mecánica, predice exacerbaciones para el asma y la EPOC y personaliza las intervenciones a través de la telesalud.
Conclusiones:
- La IA ofrece beneficios sustanciales en todos los dominios de atención respiratoria, mejorando la eficiencia y la precisión.
- Realizar el potencial de la IA requiere validación multicéntrica, mitigación de sesgos y datos de alta calidad.
- Abordar cuestiones prácticas como la alfabetización digital y el acceso a los dispositivos es crucial para una implementación equitativa.
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