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Las funciones multifacéticas de las especies de persulfuro en la biología química redox

Péter Nagy^1,2,3,4, Éva Dóka⁵, Andrea Domán⁵

¹Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. peter.nagy@oncol.hu.

Nature chemical biology

|February 23, 2026

Resumen

Las especies reactivas de azufre (RSS) son moléculas bioactivas clave. Esta revisión detalla sus roles en la señalización redox, el metabolismo y las enfermedades, centrándose en la formación de persulfuro y el potencial terapéutico.

Área de la Ciencia:

La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Biología Química Biología química.

Sus antecedentes:

Las especies reactivas de azufre (RSS) están surgiendo como moléculas bioactivas críticas con diversas funciones fisiológicas.
Los avances recientes en herramientas químicas y multi-ómicas han revelado funciones específicas de RSS endógeno.
Las acciones biológicas previamente atribuidas a especies reactivas de oxígeno o nitrógeno pueden ser mediadas por RSS.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para revisar la versátil biología química de RSS, haciendo hincapié en la formación de persulfuro en los residuos de cisteína.
Examinar las múltiples funciones de RSS en la señalización redox, el metabolismo y la fisiopatología de las enfermedades.
Discutir críticamente los métodos de detección y las estrategias terapéuticas para modular los niveles de persulfuro.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de los avances recientes en la investigación de RSS.
Centrarse en los enfoques de la biología química, incluida la detección y formación de persulfuro.
Integración de datos multi-omics y aplicaciones de herramientas químicas.

Principales resultados:

Los RSS exhiben capacidades tanto pro-oxidantes como antioxidantes, participando en la señalización redox y en las vías metabólicas.
Los RSS endógenos juegan un papel importante en las respuestas al estrés celular.
RSS están implicados en la fisiopatología de las principales enfermedades, incluyendo cardiovasculares, enfermedades neurodegenerativas y cáncer.

Conclusiones:

La formación de persulfuro en los residuos de cisteína es un aspecto central de la biología química de RSS.
Comprender RSS es crucial para desarrollar nuevas intervenciones terapéuticas para diversas enfermedades.
Se necesita más investigación para refinar los métodos de detección y avanzar en las terapias basadas en persulfuro.

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