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Los costos de doble tarea del beneficio audiovisual: efectos del ruido y el estatus de hablante "nativo"
Violet A Brown1, Adina Holloway2, Amadou Touré2
1Carleton College, One North College St, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA. violetbrown@carleton.edu.
Attention, perception & psychophysics
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
Ver a un hablante mejora la comprensión del habla y reduce la carga cognitiva en condiciones de escucha difíciles. Este beneficio visual, crucial para la inteligibilidad del habla, se observó tanto en hablantes nativos como no nativos de inglés a través de varios niveles de ruido.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Procesamiento auditivo y del habla.
- Interacción hombre-computadora Interacción hombre-computadora.
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las señales visuales mejoran la inteligibilidad del habla, pero su impacto en los costos de procesamiento cognitivo sigue siendo objeto de debate.
- Investigaciones anteriores indican que la información visual puede reducir la carga cognitiva en entornos auditivos difíciles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos del habla visual en la inteligibilidad, el esfuerzo de escucha y los costos cognitivos (costos de doble tarea).
- Para comparar el procesamiento de voz audiovisual frente al procesamiento de voz solo de audio en hablantes nativos y no nativos de inglés a través de diferentes niveles de ruido.
Principales métodos:
- Experimento 1: Se evaluó la inteligibilidad del habla y el esfuerzo de escucha subjetiva para el habla solo de audio y audiovisual.
- Experimento 2: Costos medidos de doble tarea para el habla solo de audio y audiovisual en condiciones de ruido variables.
- Se incluyeron participantes nativos y no nativos de habla inglesa.
Principales resultados:
- El habla audiovisual redujo significativamente los costos de doble tarea en condiciones de escucha difíciles donde las señales visuales eran esenciales para la identificación del habla.
- El ruido de fondo y los efectos de la modalidad del habla fueron consistentes entre los oyentes nativos y no nativos.
- La magnitud de ciertos efectos varió entre los grupos de hablantes nativos y no nativos.
Conclusiones:
- La información visual del habla es beneficiosa para reducir la carga cognitiva, particularmente en entornos ruidosos donde ayuda a la percepción del habla.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que los beneficios del procesamiento del habla audiovisual son generalizables a través de diferentes antecedentes lingüísticos, aunque los tamaños de efecto pueden diferir.
- Las futuras investigaciones deberían considerar los matices de las diferencias entre oyentes nativos y no nativos en los estudios de percepción del habla audiovisual.
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