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El aumento de la demanda cognitiva de las tareas psicomotrices de las extremidades superiores aumenta la percepción
Villeneuve Émilie1,2, Mangin Thomas3,4, Gaveau Jeremie5
1École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
La percepción del esfuerzo (EP) aumenta con la demanda cognitiva para mantener el rendimiento psicomotor. Sin embargo, la alta demanda cognitiva con la EP fija disminuye el rendimiento, lo que sugiere que la EP puede controlar la intensidad de la tarea.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología cognitiva psicología cognitiva.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- El control del motor es el control del motor.
Sus antecedentes:
- La teoría de la intensidad de la motivación plantea la percepción del esfuerzo (EP) como un mecanismo de monitoreo de recursos para la autorregulación de acciones dirigidas a objetivos.
- El monitoreo de recursos y la autorregulación generalmente se estudian de forma aislada dentro de los dominios cognitivo o motor.
- Investigar la interacción entre la demanda cognitiva y la EP en las tareas psicomotoras es crucial para comprender la regulación del esfuerzo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar cómo la demanda cognitiva influye en la EP en las tareas psicomotoras.
- Para evaluar el impacto de la prescripción de la intensidad de PE objetivo en el desempeño de la tarea.
- Explorar el potencial de la EP como una métrica para monitorear y prescribir la intensidad de la tarea psicomotora.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos dentro del participante con 20 participantes cada uno.
- Experimento 1: Evaluación de la EP en tareas psicomotrices de las extremidades superiores (caja y bloque, señalar) bajo una demanda cognitiva variable (tarea Stroop).
- Experimento 2: Evaluación del rendimiento en una tarea de señalización a su propio ritmo con PE fijo bajo demanda cognitiva manipulada. Se monitorearon las medidas fisiológicas (ritmo cardíaco, ritmo respiratorio, EMG).
Principales resultados:
- En el Experimento 1, el PE aumentó con el aumento de la demanda cognitiva, ayudando al mantenimiento del rendimiento en tareas psicomotoras.
- En el experimento 2, la demanda cognitiva elevada bajo PE fijo condujo a un rendimiento reducido en la tarea de apuntar a su propio ritmo.
- La frecuencia cardíaca fue sensible a la demanda cognitiva, pero no capturó completamente los aumentos de bajos a moderados en el Experimento 1.
Conclusiones:
- La percepción del esfuerzo se puede utilizar eficazmente para prescribir y controlar la intensidad de las tareas psicomotoras.
- Los hallazgos apoyan el papel de la EP en la toma de decisiones basada en el esfuerzo y la autorregulación en los dominios cognitivo y motor.
- Esta investigación abre caminos para investigar la neurofisiología de la EP y la relación entre el esfuerzo cognitivo y motor.
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