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Fiebres hemorrágicas virales: Patogenia, epidemiología y manifestaciones clínicas
Samuel Martišík1, Milan Trojánek
1Department of ID and Travel Medicine, Motol UH Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague,
Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi
|February 24, 2026
Resumen
Las fiebres hemorrágicas virales son infecciones graves con diversas rutas de transmisión. La vigilancia, la supervisión y la colaboración internacional son cruciales para controlar estas enfermedades, especialmente con tratamientos limitados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas; Virología; Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las fiebres hemorrágicas virales (FVH) son infecciones graves causadas por virus ARN encapsulados (Filoviridae, Arenaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyavirales).; La patogenia implica insuficiencia inmunitaria, viremia alta, disfunción endotelial, fuga capilar y coagulopatía.; La presentación clínica incluye enfermedad febril inespecífica, que progresa a disfunción orgánica, hemorragia o shock.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las características, epidemiología y manejo de las fiebres hemorrágicas virales.; Enfatizar la importancia de la vigilancia y la preparación en regiones como Europa.; Destacar la necesidad de investigación en terapias y vacunas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica sobre fiebres hemorrágicas virales.; Análisis de datos epidemiológicos y patrones de transmisión.; Discusión de la presentación clínica, hallazgos de laboratorio y desafíos diagnósticos.
Principales resultados:
- Las FVH se presentan con leucopenia, trombocitopenia y enzimas hepáticas elevadas.; La transmisión ocurre a través de vectores, diseminación zoonótica o nosocomialmente.; El riesgo en Europa es bajo pero existe; la vigilancia continua es esencial.
Conclusiones:
- El manejo eficaz requiere vigilancia, pruebas de laboratorio, control de infecciones y atención.; Las limitadas opciones terapéuticas y de vacunación exigen más investigación y cooperación internacional.; La preparación para casos importados es vital para la salud pública.
Palabras clave:
Fiebre hemorrágica viralPatogeniaEpidemiologíaManifestaciones clínicasEnfermedades infecciosasVirologíaSalud públicaMedicina de viajesMás Videos Relacionados
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