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Síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune por tuberculosis durante el tratamiento de la tuberculosis

Melis Deniz¹, Özge Kaba¹, Ercan Ayaz²

¹Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

|February 24, 2026

Resumen

Los pacientes pediátricos con tuberculosis no infectados con VIH pueden desarrollar síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune por tuberculosis (TB-IRIS). La terapia con corticosteroides trató eficazmente un caso en un niño inmunocompetente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas
Inmunología
Neumología

Sus antecedentes:

El síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune por tuberculosis (TB-IRIS) es una complicación conocida en pacientes infectados con VIH que inician el tratamiento de la tuberculosis.
La ocurrencia de TB-IRIS en pacientes pediátricos inmunocompetentes sigue siendo menos comprendida.

Objetivo del estudio:

Informar un caso de TB-IRIS en un niño inmunocompetente con tuberculosis pulmonar.
Enfatizar la importancia de reconocer la TB-IRIS en esta población.

Principales métodos:

Presentación de un caso de un niño inmunocompetente con tuberculosis pulmonar.
Monitorización clínica y radiológica durante la terapia antituberculosa.
Respuesta al tratamiento con corticosteroides.

Principales resultados:

El paciente desarrolló fiebre, deterioro clínico y nuevas lesiones radiológicas al día 25 de la terapia antituberculosa estándar.
La terapia con corticosteroides condujo a una marcada mejoría clínica y resolución de la fiebre.

Conclusiones:

Se debe considerar la TB-IRIS en niños inmunocompetentes con tuberculosis que presentan síntomas y hallazgos radiológicos nuevos o que empeoran después de excluir otras causas.
El reconocimiento temprano y el manejo apropiado, incluidos los corticosteroides, son cruciales para resultados favorables.

Palabras clave:

Síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune por tuberculosis TB-IRIS Niños Inmunocompetente Tratamiento con corticosteroides

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