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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
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Antes del primer bocado: ¿Las expectativas olfativas moldean las sensaciones y funciones gástricas?

Sofia Ciccarone1, Eleonora Parrotta1, Giuseppina Porciello1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.

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Resumen

Las señales olfativas influyen de forma proactiva en la regulación corporal y el pensamiento. Este estudio propone que los olores actúan como guías predictivas de las sensaciones intestinales, haciéndolas impulsadas por las expectativas y moldeando cómo interpretamos los estados corporales internos.

Palabras clave:
olfatoexpectativasinteroceptionsensaciones gástricashomeostasispercepciónneurocienciaseñales sensoriales

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Fisiología
  • Percepción Sensorial

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los olores son más que entradas sensoriales pasivas; influyen activamente en la homeostasis y la cognición.
  • Comprender el papel proactivo de las señales olfativas en la interocepción es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proponer que las señales olfativas sirven como priors predictivos para la interocepción gástrica.
  • Reformular las sensaciones intestinales como experiencias impulsadas por las expectativas.
  • Investigar cómo las señales olfativas moldean activamente la inferencia interoceptiva.

Principales métodos:

  • Este estudio es principalmente teórico y propone un marco novedoso.
  • Integra el conocimiento existente de la neurociencia, la fisiología y la psicología.

Principales resultados:

  • Las señales olfativas pueden actuar como priors predictivos, influyendo en la interocepción gástrica.
  • Las sensaciones intestinales se reformulan como experiencias impulsadas por las expectativas en lugar de entradas puramente pasivas.
  • Esta conformación activa de la inferencia interoceptiva por parte de las señales olfativas tiene implicaciones significativas.

Conclusiones:

  • La entrada olfativa juega un papel proactivo en la modulación de la interocepción gástrica.
  • El olfato actúa como un modulador crítico de la percepción del estado corporal interno.
  • Este marco ofrece nuevas perspectivas sobre la interacción entre las señales sensoriales externas y el procesamiento homeostático interno.