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Edad biológica e inmunosenescencia en centenarios colombianos
Juan-Manuel Anaya1,2, Edward A Ruiz-Narváez3, Ivan David Lozada-Martinez4,5
1Colombian Centenarians Alliance, Bogotá, Colombia. anayajm@gmail.com.
npj aging
|February 24, 2026
Resumen
Los centenarios muestran un envejecimiento biológico variado, con un mejor bienestar asociado a una edad biológica más joven. Perfiles de células inmunitarias y factores clínicos distintos se correlacionan con una edad biológica avanzada, desafiando las nociones típicas de inmunosenescencia en la longevidad extrema.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerociencia; Inmunología; Investigación sobre la longevidad
Sus antecedentes:
- El envejecimiento biológico y la inmunosenescencia son clave para la longevidad.; Su interacción en centenarios no se comprende bien.; Los centenarios representan un modelo único para el estudio del envejecimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la edad biológica (PhenoAge) y la inmunosenescencia en centenarios colombianos.; Identificar variables clínicas asociadas con la edad biológica y el estado inmunitario.; Explorar perfiles inmunitarios en diferentes trayectorias de envejecimiento de centenarios.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal de 160 centenarios colombianos.; Se evaluó la edad biológica utilizando PhenoAge.; Se realizó perfilado de citoquinas e inmunofenotipado de linfocitos.; Se recopilaron datos sobre calidad de vida, bienestar y variables clínicas.
Principales resultados:
- Una edad biológica más alta se asoció con síntomas depresivos, antecedentes de tabaquismo, niveles elevados de RANTES y G-CSF, y fenotipos específicos de células T CD8+ (p. ej., células TEMRA).; Una mejor calidad de vida y bienestar se vincularon con una edad biológica más baja.; Los centenarios categorizados como vigorosos, resilientes o vulnerables mostraron niveles de citoquinas similares.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos desafían el concepto universal de inmunosenescencia en centenarios.; La edad biológica se asocia con factores clínicos e inmunitarios específicos en la longevidad extrema.; Destaca la importancia de la investigación traslacional en gerociencia.
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