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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

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La corteza orbitofrontal impulsa el filtrado predictivo de las respuestas sensoriales

Hiroaki Tsukano1,2, Michellee M Garcia3,4, Pranathi R Dandu3,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. hiroakit@email.unc.edu.

Nature neuroscience
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

La habituación, un filtro sensorial clave, implica la regulación de arriba hacia abajo. La corteza orbitofrontal (OFC) genera señales predictivas que suprimen las respuestas de la corteza auditiva, lo que explica cómo filtramos los estímulos familiares.

Palabras clave:
habituación sensorialcorteza orbitofrontalfiltrado predictivomecanismos neuronalesprocesamiento sensorial

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Procesamiento Sensorial
  • Aprendizaje y Memoria

Sus antecedentes:

  • La habituación es un mecanismo fundamental de filtrado sensorial.
  • La desregulación de la habituación se relaciona con trastornos de hipersensibilidad.
  • Las explicaciones existentes para la habituación son insuficientes, particularmente para entornos complejos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos del circuito de la habituación.
  • Evaluar teorías regulatorias de arriba hacia abajo de la habituación.
  • Identificar el papel de la corteza orbitofrontal (OFC) en la habituación sensorial.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron modelos de ratones para estudios de habituación.
  • Se inactivó la corteza orbitofrontal (OFC) para observar los efectos sobre la habituación de la corteza auditiva (A1).
  • Se analizaron las señales neuronales en la corteza auditiva primaria (A1) después de la exposición diaria al sonido.

Principales resultados:

  • La inactivación de la OFC revirtió la habituación neuronal en la corteza auditiva primaria (A1).
  • Las proyecciones de arriba hacia abajo desde la OFC, no de otras áreas frontales, transportaron señales predictivas.
  • Estas señales predictivas derivadas de la OFC aumentaron con la experiencia y suprimieron la actividad de A1 a través de neuronas inhibitorias.

Conclusiones:

  • La corteza orbitofrontal (OFC) desempeña un papel fundamental en el filtrado predictivo durante la habituación.
  • La OFC genera 'imágenes negativas' de los estímulos anticipados para suprimir las respuestas de la corteza sensorial.
  • Este mecanismo explica cómo el cerebro filtra la información sensorial predecible y familiar.