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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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Importin-9 recognizes the winged-helix fold of ETS transcription factors to mediate nuclear import.

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Multiple roads between the nucleus and the cytoplasm: classes of linear NLSs and NESs and their receptors.

Current opinion in structural biology·2026
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Importins recognize the winged-helix fold of ETS transcription factors to mediate nuclear import.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

In Vitro Characterization of Histone Chaperones using Analytical, Pull-Down and Chaperoning Assays
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Importación Nuclear de Histonas y Más Allá: Roles Multifuncionales de las Importinas

Natalia Bernardes1, Yuh Min Chook1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los receptores de importación nuclear llamados importinas son clave para el transporte y plegamiento de histonas. Estudios recientes revelan sus roles duales en la estabilización de histonas y la facilitación de su entrega para el ensamblaje de nucleosomas.

Palabras clave:
ImportinasTransporte de histonasEnsamblaje de nucleosomasBiología de la cromatinaBiología molecularBiología celular

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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular; Biología Celular; Biología de la Cromatina

Sus antecedentes:

  • La importación nuclear de histonas y reguladores de la cromatina es esencial para los procesos del ADN.; Las histonas requieren chaperonas y receptores de importación para un plegamiento y deposición adecuados de la cromatina debido a su naturaleza básica y propensa a la agregación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los avances recientes en la comprensión de los mecanismos de importación y chaperonaje de histonas centrales y de enlace.; Elucidar los roles de importinas específicas en el transporte y estabilización de histonas nucleares.

Principales métodos:

  • Se emplearon estudios estructurales y bioquímicos para investigar las interacciones histona-importina.; Análisis de los heterodímeros Importina-4/Kap123, Importina-9/Kap114 e Importina-β-Importina-7.

Principales resultados:

  • Importina-4/Kap123 actúa como transportador y chaperona para heterodímeros H3-H4, trabajando con ASF1.; La importina-9/Kap114 importa heterodímeros H2A-H2B a través de un mecanismo insensible a RanGTP, cooperando con Nap1.; La importina-β-Importina-7 media la importación de histonas H1 de enlace, destacando los roles multifuncionales de las importinas.

Conclusiones:

  • Las importinas son multifuncionales, acoplando la estabilización, protección, importación nuclear y entrega de histonas para el ensamblaje de nucleosomas.; Se necesita más investigación sobre importinas secundarias, modificaciones de histonas y dinámica de chaperonas en el tráfico de histonas y el ensamblaje de nucleosomas.