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Vasculitis sistémica necrosante de vaso mediano clínicamente compatible con poliarteritis nodosa: un informe de caso
Niyas Khalid Ottu Para1, Seema Rab2, Asiya Pathan2
1Internal Medicine, Burjeel Hospital Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, ARE.
Cureus
|February 25, 2026
Resumen
El diagnóstico de la poliarteritis nodosa (PAN) es difícil debido a síntomas inespecíficos y pruebas diagnósticas limitadas. Este caso enfatiza el juicio clínico para la identificación y el tratamiento tempranos de esta rara vasculitis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Reumatología
- Medicina Interna
- Biología Vascular
Sus antecedentes:
- La poliarteritis nodosa (PAN) es una vasculitis rara y grave que afecta a las arterias de tamaño mediano.
- El diagnóstico se complica por síntomas inespecíficos, biomarcadores negativos e imágenes variables.
- Las biopsias superficiales a menudo proporcionan información diagnóstica insuficiente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Presentar un caso desafiante de poliarteritis nodosa sistémica.
- Destacar las limitaciones diagnósticas en la PAN en etapa temprana.
- Subrayar la importancia de la evaluación clínica y el tratamiento rápido.
Principales métodos:
- Informe de caso de un hombre de 33 años con afectación multisistémica.
- Evaluación clínica que incluye examen neurológico, cutáneo y cardiopulmonar.
- Pruebas de laboratorio e imágenes (angiotomografía computarizada), con biopsia realizada después del tratamiento inicial.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente presentó síntomas constitucionales, neuropatía y marcadores inflamatorios.
- Las imágenes iniciales y la biopsia no fueron concluyentes, lo que planteó desafíos diagnósticos.
- La respuesta drástica al tratamiento con corticosteroides apoyó firmemente el diagnóstico de PAN.
Conclusiones:
- El diagnóstico temprano de la PAN depende en gran medida de la sospecha clínica a pesar de las limitaciones en la biopsia y las imágenes.
- La iniciación oportuna del tratamiento, en particular los corticosteroides, es crucial para resultados favorables.
- Este caso subraya la necesidad de un juicio clínico integrado en el manejo de casos complejos de vasculitis.
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