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Ejercicio intenso intermitente breve como exposición interoceptiva para el trastorno de pánico: un ensayo clínico
Ricardo William Muotri1, Alan Campos Luciano1, Alia Garrudo Guirado2
1Anxiety Disorders Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|February 25, 2026
Resumen
El ejercicio intenso intermitente breve (BIE) es una estrategia de exposición interoceptiva factible y eficaz para el trastorno de pánico (TP). Este enfoque basado en el ejercicio reduce significativamente los síntomas de pánico y la frecuencia de los ataques en comparación con el entrenamiento de relajación, con beneficios sostenidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría
- Psicología Clínica
- Ciencias del Ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- La exposición interoceptiva (IE) es clave en la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el trastorno de pánico (TP).
- La IE estándar puede ser aversiva, lo que limita la participación del paciente.
- El ejercicio físico vigoroso ofrece un método potencialmente más aceptable para provocar señales interoceptivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la viabilidad y eficacia de un programa de ejercicio intenso intermitente breve (BIE) como estrategia de IE.
- Comparar el BIE con el entrenamiento de relajación de Jacobson (RT) en pacientes con TP sin tratamiento previo.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo clínico aleatorizado de 12 semanas en el que participaron 72 adultos sedentarios con TP.
- Los participantes fueron asignados a un programa de BIE (n=37) o a RT (n=35).
- Los resultados incluyeron la Escala de Pánico y Agorafobia (PAS), la frecuencia de ataques de pánico y las escalas de ansiedad/depresión.
Principales resultados:
- El grupo BIE mostró una mejora significativamente mayor en las puntuaciones del PAS en comparación con el grupo RT a las 12 y 24 semanas.
- El BIE resultó en menos ataques de pánico y puntuaciones de depresión más bajas en el seguimiento.
- Una interacción significativa grupo × tiempo favoreció al BIE en las puntuaciones del PAS (F = 56,1, p < 0,001).
Conclusiones:
- Un programa de BIE de 12 semanas es una estrategia de IE factible y eficaz para el TP.
- El BIE demuestra una eficacia superior a la RT en la reducción de la gravedad de los síntomas de pánico y la frecuencia de los ataques de pánico.
- La IE basada en el ejercicio presenta una opción de bajo costo y atractiva para los programas de tratamiento del TP.
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