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Exploración de diferentes definiciones de fenotipos de metano en ganado Holstein neerlandés
C I V Manzanilla-Pech1, A E van Breukelen1, R F Veerkamp1
1Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
JDS communications
|February 25, 2026
Resumen
La selección genómica puede reducir las emisiones de metano del ganado lechero. La concentración promedio de metano (CH4c) y la concentración pico de metano (speaks) son proxies adecuados para la cría de vacas de baja emisión, mostrando fuertes correlaciones genéticas con otras medidas de metano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Animales
- Genética
- Ciencias Ambientales
Sus antecedentes:
- La reducción de las emisiones de metano en el ganado lechero es crucial para la sostenibilidad ambiental.
- La selección genómica ofrece una estrategia prometedora para la cría de rumiantes de baja emisión.
- La fenotipificación precisa del metano es esencial para una mejora genética efectiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar los parámetros genéticos de 11 fenotipos distintos de emisión de metano en ganado lechero.
- Evaluar las correlaciones genéticas entre varios fenotipos de metano y el rendimiento de leche (MY) y el peso corporal (BW).
- Identificar fenotipos de metano adecuados para programas de selección genómica.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 149.726 registros de sniffer de 7.600 vacas Holstein neerlandesas (2019-2024).
- Se utilizó un modelo de repetibilidad animal con efectos fijos (rebaño-año-estación, semana de lactancia, número de lactancia, edad al parto).
- Se estimaron heredabilidades y correlaciones genéticas para la concentración de metano (CH4c), producción de metano (CH4p), intensidad de metano (MeI) y rasgos relacionados (CO2c).
Principales resultados:
- Las estimaciones de heredabilidad para los fenotipos de CH4c variaron de 0.16 a 0.30; los fenotipos de CH4p variaron de 0.03 a 0.27.
- Se observaron altas correlaciones genéticas entre la mayoría de los fenotipos de CH4c y CH4p, excepto para el punto de referencia IPCC Tier2.
- La concentración promedio de CH4 (avg) y la suma de los picos máximos (speaks) mostraron fuertes correlaciones positivas con CH4p y correlaciones indeseables mínimas con MY y BW.
Conclusiones:
- La concentración promedio de CH4c (avg) y la concentración pico de CH4c (speaks) son proxies confiables para las emisiones de metano en el ganado lechero cuando se utilizan mediciones de sniffer.
- Estos fenotipos demuestran correlaciones genéticas favorables para la cría de animales de baja emisión sin afectar negativamente el rendimiento de leche o el peso corporal.
- Los hallazgos respaldan el uso de avg y speaks en estrategias de selección genómica para mitigar las emisiones de metano en la producción lechera.
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