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Sensibilidad y sesgo en el etiquetado de emociones faciales: replicación y extensión a jóvenes con irritabilidad y

Katherine Y Kim¹, Joel Stoddard², Sofia I Cárdenas¹

¹National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

|February 25, 2026

Resumen

Este estudio no encontró un vínculo directo entre los sesgos cognitivos y la ansiedad o irritabilidad pediátricas. Sin embargo, la irritabilidad en los jóvenes se relacionó con una mayor actividad de la corteza motora al ver caras enojadas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia
Psicología del Desarrollo
Ciencia Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

La ansiedad y la irritabilidad pediátricas son comunes y a menudo coexisten, lo que afecta significativamente a los jóvenes.
La interpretación de las emociones faciales ambiguas a menudo está sesgada en personas con estos síntomas.
Investigaciones previas sugieren un vínculo entre los sesgos de interpretación emocional y estas condiciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar si los sesgos cognitivos en la interpretación de las emociones faciales representan un perfil neural y cognitivo compartido en los jóvenes.
Examinar la relación entre estos sesgos y las medidas dimensionales de ansiedad e irritabilidad.
Replicar hallazgos previos sobre diferencias relacionadas con la edad y disparidades grupales en el etiquetado de emociones faciales.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó un estudio transversal de imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI).
Se utilizó un modelo de difusión de deriva para analizar los componentes perceptivos y cognitivos de las decisiones sobre emociones faciales ambiguas (feliz-enojado).
Los participantes incluyeron jóvenes con diagnósticos de trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado de ánimo (DMDD), TDAH, trastorno de ansiedad o sin diagnóstico actual.

Principales resultados:

No se encontró una asociación significativa entre los parámetros del modelado computacional del sesgo y la ansiedad o irritabilidad dimensionales.
La irritabilidad, pero no la ansiedad, se correlacionó con un aumento de las respuestas neuronales en la corteza motora a caras enojadas.
Se replicaron con éxito los hallazgos previos de aumentos asociados a la edad en la sensibilidad y diferencias grupales en el sesgo (DMDD vs. controles).

Conclusiones:

El aumento de la actividad de la corteza motora en respuesta a caras enojadas puede indicar un comportamiento de aproximación intensificado.
La replicación de hallazgos previos fortalece la confianza en su solidez.
Los sesgos cognitivos pueden no ser el principal mecanismo compartido que subyace a la ansiedad y la irritabilidad pediátricas, pero las respuestas neuronales a la ira son relevantes.

Palabras clave:

niños y adolescentes modelado computacional fMRI etiquetado de emociones faciales trastornos del estado de ánimo y la ansiedad

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