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Efecto Agudo del Entrenamiento de Músculos Inspiratorios en el Comportamiento de la Oxigenación Tisular Periférica en
Natália Mota da Silva Borges1, Dyego Tavares de Lima1, Arthur Bruno de Abreu Morais2
1Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Resumen
El Entrenamiento de Músculos Inspiratorios (EMI) de alta intensidad puede reducir la oxigenación muscular periférica en pacientes con EPOC, mientras que el EMI de resistencia podría mejorarla. La prescripción individualizada de EMI es crucial para el manejo de la EPOC.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Rehabilitación Pulmonar
- Fisiología del Ejercicio
- Metabolismo Muscular
Sus antecedentes:
- La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) implica obstrucción del flujo aéreo y cambios sistémicos, incluido un metabolismo muscular alterado.
- El metaboreflejo inspiratorio puede activarse en individuos con EPOC.
- La espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) puede evaluar la oxigenación muscular periférica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos agudos de diferentes cargas de Entrenamiento de Músculos Inspiratorios (EMI) en el metabolismo muscular periférico en pacientes con EPOC.
- Evaluar el impacto del EMI de alta carga (fuerza) y baja carga (resistencia) en comparación con un protocolo simulado utilizando NIRS.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio aleatorizado, ciego y cruzado que involucró a 29 participantes con EPOC.
- Se realizaron tres sesiones: EMI de alta carga (60% MIP), EMI de baja carga (30% MIP) y simulación.
- Se midió la oxigenación del músculo gastrocnemio utilizando NIRS pre y post intervención.
Principales resultados:
- El EMI de baja carga (resistencia) mostró diferencias en la saturación final de oxígeno tisular.
- El EMI de alta carga (fuerza) resultó en un menor tiempo de desaturación de oxígeno.
- Los pacientes con EPOC avanzada (GOLD 3-4) mostraron tasas más altas de desaturación de oxígeno durante el EMI de fuerza.
Conclusiones:
- El EMI agudo de alta intensidad podría disminuir la perfusión periférica, activando potencialmente el metaboreflejo en la EPOC.
- El EMI de resistencia parece mejorar la perfusión periférica.
- Son esenciales protocolos de EMI adaptados para el manejo de la EPOC, considerando la gravedad de la enfermedad.
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