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Evaluación del apego niño-cuidador más allá de la infancia cuando existen barreras lingüísticas: Estudio longitudinal
Qusai Khraisha1,2, Sophie Marleen Put3, Beatrice Volta4
1Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Child development
|February 25, 2026
Resumen
El sistema Behavioral Recognition in Displaced Group Exchanges (BRIDGE) utiliza señales no verbales para evaluar las interacciones niño-cuidador de refugiados. Esta herramienta lingüísticamente agnóstica muestra una alta fiabilidad, demostrando ser eficaz en diversas poblaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación sobre el desarrollo infantil
- Psicología
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas de codificación observacional son cruciales para estudiar las interacciones niño-cuidador.
- Los sistemas existentes a menudo requieren comprensión del lenguaje, lo que limita su uso con grupos lingüísticamente diversos.
- Las poblaciones de refugiados presentan desafíos únicos para evaluar la calidad de la relación cuidador-niño debido a las barreras del idioma.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y validar el sistema de codificación Behavioral Recognition in Displaced Group Exchanges (BRIDGE).
- Evaluar la calidad de las relaciones niño-cuidador en díadas de refugiados sirios utilizando señales paralingüísticas y cinéticas.
- Establecer BRIDGE como una herramienta lingüísticamente agnóstica para la investigación observacional.
Principales métodos:
- Se desarrolló el sistema de codificación BRIDGE centrándose en señales paralingüísticas (tono) y señales de comportamiento cinético (gestos).
- Se probó BRIDGE en 1.092 vídeos de 287 madres refugiadas sirias y sus hijos (de 4 a 8 años) en Jordania.
- Se evaluó la fiabilidad intra e interevaluador, la convergencia/divergencia de los patrones de codificación, la sensibilidad contextual y la estabilidad temporal.
Principales resultados:
- El sistema BRIDGE demostró una excelente fiabilidad intra e interevaluador entre los codificadores, incluso aquellos que no entendían el idioma hablado.
- Los patrones de codificación mostraron convergencia y divergencia, lo que indica sensibilidad a los factores contextuales.
- El sistema mostró estabilidad temporal, lo que confirma su solidez.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema de codificación BRIDGE es una herramienta fiable y válida para evaluar la calidad de la relación niño-cuidador en poblaciones lingüísticamente diversas, especialmente refugiados.
- BRIDGE supera las limitaciones de los sistemas observacionales dependientes del idioma.
- Esta herramienta ofrece un método robusto para estudiar poblaciones vulnerables sin requerir un idioma compartido.
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