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Updated: May 5, 2026

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

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Optimización Morfológica de la Capa Activa a partir de la Cinética de Formación de Película en Células Solares

Jinsheng Zhang¹, Peter Müller-Buschbaum¹

¹Chair for Functional Materials, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.

ACS applied materials & interfaces

|February 25, 2026

Abstract:

A deep understanding of the structural evolution is critical for the precise morphological optimization of the active layer in organic solar cells. This perspective systematically reviews the kinetic mechanisms of film formation and emphasizes that regulating processing parameters, such as deposition temperature, processing solvent, and additives, can effectively govern crystallization and phase separation during layer deposition. Advanced in situ characterization techniques are highlighted as indispensable tools for real-time decoding of these coupled kinetic pathways. We also summarize these techniques, covering their principles, detectable structural information, and inherent limitations and constraints, thereby guiding the selection of appropriate in situ tools. Finally, we outline the key challenges in the field and provide insights into future research aimed at advancing device performance through targeted morphological control.

Palabras clave:

cristalización cinética morfología células solares orgánicas separación de fases

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