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Urgencia fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: un análisis conceptual
Daniele Napolitano1, Mattia Bozzetti2, Valentina Vanzi3
1CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Inflammatory bowel diseases
|February 25, 2026
Resumen
La urgencia fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es multidimensional e implica la necesidad repentina e incontrolable de defecar. Se propone un nuevo marco para su evaluación y manejo en la atención e investigación de la EII.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología
- Psicología Clínica
- Investigación de Servicios de Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La urgencia fecal es un síntoma significativo y poco reconocido en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).
- Afecta gravemente la calidad de vida de los pacientes, pero carece de una caracterización y medición consistentes.
- Comprender la urgencia fecal es crucial para el manejo eficaz de la EII.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Definir el concepto de urgencia fecal en la EII.
- Revisar la evidencia actual sobre sus aspectos clínicos y mecanicistas.
- Proponer un marco para su evaluación y manejo en la práctica clínica y la investigación.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis conceptual narrativo utilizando el método de 8 pasos de Walker y Avant.
- Integración de evidencia de estudios clínicos, fisiológicos y de resultados informados por el paciente (2016-2025).
- Búsquedas en las principales bases de datos, incluidas MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus y Web of Science.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron siete atributos definitorios de la urgencia fecal: inicio súbito, incontrolabilidad, tiempo limitado para ir al baño, miedo a la incontinencia, ansiedad anticipatoria, comportamientos de evitación y persistencia.
- Los antecedentes incluyen inflamación rectal, hipersensibilidad, alteración de la función del suelo pélvico y factores psicosociales.
- Las consecuencias abarcan malestar emocional, limitaciones sociales y aumento del uso de atención médica; las medidas actuales carecen de multidimensionalidad.
Conclusiones:
- La urgencia fecal es un constructo complejo con dimensiones fisiológicas, psicológicas y conductuales.
- La evaluación sistemática de la urgencia fecal debe integrarse en la atención rutinaria de la EII y en los ensayos clínicos.
- Se necesita una medida de urgencia específica para la EII, validada y multidimensional, para mejorar el seguimiento de los síntomas y los resultados centrados en el paciente.
Palabras clave:
urgencia fecalevaluación clínicaanálisis conceptualenfermedad inflamatoria intestinalresultados informados por el pacienteMás Videos Relacionados
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