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Respuesta temprana a una intervención educativa comunitaria conductual sobre el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular y el

Valentí Fuster¹, Domènec Haro², Xavier Òrrit²

¹Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Foundation for Science, Health, and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain.

|February 25, 2026

Resumen

Los programas de educación para la salud comunitarios pueden reducir los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La participación constante en al menos cuatro talleres durante dos años es clave para obtener beneficios óptimos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública
Medicina Preventiva
Intervenciones de Salud Comunitaria

Sus antecedentes:

La enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial, principalmente debido a factores de riesgo modificables.
La intervención Cardona Comunidad Saludable 2030 (HC-2030), basada en el marco de las Ciudades Saludables de la OMS, se implementó en Cardona, España, en 2021.
Este estudio se centra en estrategias a nivel comunitario para mitigar el riesgo de ECV.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el efecto de dosis-respuesta a 2 años de la intervención comunitaria HC-2030 sobre la puntuación Fuster-BEWAT y otros marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Comparar los resultados en Cardona con un pueblo de control (Sallent) que recibió atención habitual.
Evaluar el impacto de los niveles de participación en los talleres de educación para la salud comunitarios en los resultados de salud.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio cuasi-experimental con 1.857 participantes de 12 a 85 años.
Grupo de intervención (Cardona) recibió talleres de educación para la salud; grupo de control (Sallent) recibió atención estándar.
Las evaluaciones iniciales y de seguimiento a los 2 años incluyeron puntuaciones Fuster-BEWAT, antropometría, presión arterial, perfiles lipídicos y actividad física.

Principales resultados:

Los participantes que asistieron a cuatro o más talleres mostraron mejoras significativas en la actividad física, la dieta, los triglicéridos y la presión arterial diastólica.
Las puntuaciones Fuster-BEWAT disminuyeron significativamente en el pueblo de control (-0,50 puntos) pero se mantuvieron estables en el pueblo de intervención (-0,06 puntos).
La intervención HC-2030 condujo a reducciones en la circunferencia de la cintura, el colesterol total y la prevalencia de tabaquismo, junto con un aumento de la actividad física y el bienestar en comparación con el control.

Conclusiones:

Los programas de educación comunitaria, como HC-2030, tienen un valor preventivo significativo para la salud cardiovascular.
El compromiso constante, definido como la asistencia a al menos cuatro talleres durante dos años, es crucial para maximizar los beneficios cardiovasculares.
Se necesita más investigación con seguimiento continuo para determinar los efectos a largo plazo de la intervención.

Palabras clave:

puntuación Fuster-BEWAT enfermedades cardiovasculares servicios de salud comunitarios educación para la salud promoción de la salud factores de riesgo

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