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Predictores de extravasación de contraste en el servicio de urgencias: un estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico de

Gillian Cooper¹, Jessica V Downing², Yiting Lin³

¹Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

The Journal of emergency medicine

|February 25, 2026

Resumen

La colocación de vías intravenosas periféricas guiadas por ecografía aumenta el riesgo de extravasación de contraste intravenoso (ECI) en pacientes del servicio de urgencias. El abuso de sustancias también surgió como un factor de riesgo significativo para la ECI.

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extravasación de contraste radiología de urgencias contraste intravenoso seguridad del paciente mejora de la calidad

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Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina de Urgencias; Radiología; Seguridad del Paciente

Sus antecedentes:

La extravasación de contraste intravenoso (ECI) es una complicación rara de las imágenes con contraste.; La ECI puede provocar resultados graves, como necrosis tisular y estancias prolongadas en el servicio de urgencias (SU).; Existe una investigación limitada sobre los factores de riesgo de ECI en el entorno de urgencias.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar los factores de riesgo clínicos asociados con la ECI en pacientes de urgencias.; Analizar datos de exploraciones de tomografía computarizada (TC) con contraste.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico de casos y controles.; Se emparejaron 141 casos de ECI con 266 controles de enero de 2016 a octubre de 2023.; Se utilizó la regresión logística multivariable para analizar los factores relacionados con la ECI.

Principales resultados:

La colocación de vías intravenosas periféricas guiadas por ecografía (USGIV) se asoció con una probabilidad 3,67 veces mayor de ECI (p < 0,001).; El abuso de sustancias se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de ECI de 1,86 veces (p = 0,036).; Los pacientes con ECI experimentaron estancias significativamente más largas en urgencias (653 min frente a 525 min).

Conclusiones:

La colocación de USGIV es un factor de riesgo significativo para la ECI en urgencias.; El abuso de sustancias también se asocia con un mayor riesgo de ECI.; Se recomienda una mayor investigación prospectiva para validar los hallazgos y explorar factores de riesgo adicionales.