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Rastreo de la paratuberculosis en Colombia: una revisión de alcance

Nathalia M Correa-Valencia¹, Jorge A Fernández-Silva¹

¹Centauro Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.

Preventive veterinary medicine

|February 25, 2026

Resumen

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causa paratuberculosis (PTB) en el ganado colombiano, con investigación limitada durante más de 100 años. Una revisión destaca lagunas significativas en diagnóstico y respuesta de salud pública, instando a priorizar a nivel nacional esta enfermedad de declaración obligatoria.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología Veterinaria
Enfermedades Infecciosas
Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), causante de la paratuberculosis (PTB), se documentó en el ganado colombiano en 1924.
La PTB ha recibido una atención mínima en la investigación en Colombia, sin una visión general completa reciente disponible.
Esta revisión de alcance aborda la brecha de conocimiento sobre la epidemiología de MAP/PTB y la respuesta de salud pública en Colombia durante el último siglo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Sintetizar la evidencia sobre Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) y paratuberculosis (PTB) en Colombia desde 1924 hasta 2024.
Comprender la epidemiología y la respuesta de salud pública a la PTB en Colombia.
Identificar lagunas de investigación e informar políticas sobre el manejo de MAP/PTB.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de alcance de la literatura de 1924 a 2024 utilizando cuatro bases de datos académicas.
Búsqueda manual de las actas de los Coloquios Internacionales sobre Paratuberculosis.
Análisis de 48 estudios originales identificados sobre MAP/PTB en Colombia.

Principales resultados:

La mayoría de los estudios (89,4%) se centraron en el ganado, y se realizaron principalmente en las últimas dos décadas.
ELISA (59,6%) y PCR (42,6%) fueron los métodos de diagnóstico más comunes.
Los diseños de estudio fueron principalmente descriptivos o transversales.
No se ha investigado la detección de MAP en alimentos o humanos, a pesar de que la PTB es de declaración obligatoria desde 2015.

Conclusiones:

El panorama de la investigación para MAP/PTB en Colombia está fragmentado, con lagunas significativas en diagnóstico, epidemiología, caracterización molecular e impacto en la salud pública.
Existe una ausencia de marcos legales para una respuesta coordinada y la comprensión del vínculo con la tuberculosis bovina.
Colombia debe reconocer la MAP/PTB como una prioridad nacional para el manejo y control efectivos de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:

Colombia Epidemiología Enfermedad de Johne Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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