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Operacionalización del Modelo de Enfermedad Crónica Basado en la Desnutrición en Adultos

Jeffrey I Mechanick1, Jamie Bering2, Stephen A McClave3

  • 1Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.

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Resumen

El modelo de enfermedad crónica basado en la desnutrición (MBCD) ofrece un nuevo marco para la atención nutricional en adultos, abordando la desnutrición, la sobrealimentación y los problemas de micronutrientes. Proporciona un enfoque estructurado para optimizar las intervenciones nutricionales y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.

Palabras clave:
ObesidadEnfermedad CrónicaDesnutriciónRiesgo NutricionalObesidadAdiposidad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de la Nutrición
  • Epidemiología de Enfermedades Crónicas
  • Nutrición Clínica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Existen lagunas persistentes en la investigación, el conocimiento y la práctica de la nutrición en adultos.
  • Los modelos existentes no abordan completamente la triple carga de la desnutrición (desnutrición, sobrealimentación, desequilibrio de micronutrientes).
  • Existe la necesidad de un marco integral para guiar la atención nutricional y optimizar los resultados de los pacientes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Operacionalizar el modelo de enfermedad crónica basado en la desnutrición (MBCD) para adultos.
  • Proporcionar métricas e intervenciones específicas para cada etapa basadas en la evidencia para la implementación del modelo MBCD.
  • Alinear el modelo MBCD con los avances actuales en medicina nutricional y enfoques interdisciplinarios.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura del 1 de mayo al 1 de noviembre de 2025.
  • El estudio sintetiza clasificadores epidemiológicos, mecanismos fisiopatológicos y evidencia clínica.
  • Se definen las cuatro etapas del modelo MBCD (riesgo nutricional, desequilibrio, enfermedad, complicaciones) y sus impulsores.

Principales resultados:

  • El modelo MBCD integra la triple carga de la desnutrición y un enfoque centrado en las complicaciones.
  • Se presenta evidencia de métricas e intervenciones específicas para cada etapa para la implementación del modelo MBCD.
  • El modelo está diseñado para desambiguar la terminología de la medicina nutricional e identificar oportunidades de prevención temprana.

Conclusiones:

  • El modelo MBCD operacionalizado proporciona un marco para optimizar la atención nutricional en adultos.
  • El modelo se alinea con la informática habilitada por IA y los enfoques de equipo interdisciplinario en medicina nutricional.
  • La implementación y validación adicionales en diversos entornos son cruciales para el refinamiento y la aplicación más amplia del modelo MBCD.