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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psiquiatría
  • Psicología Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La imagen mental visual (IMV) implica la visualización interna, mientras que las alucinaciones visuales (AV) son percepciones sin estímulos externos.
  • Comprender la interacción entre la IMV y las AV es crucial en los trastornos neurodegenerativos y psiquiátricos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la relación entre la IMV y las AV en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy (DCL) y la esquizofrenia (ES).
  • Explorar los fundamentos neurobiológicos y los factores cognitivos que conectan la IMV y las AV.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de literatura de estudios que investigan la IMV y las AV en las poblaciones de pacientes especificadas.
  • Análisis de hallazgos de neuroimagen y evaluaciones cognitivas, particularmente la monitorización de la realidad.

Principales resultados:

  • Se encontró una asociación positiva entre la viveza de la IMV y la ocurrencia de AV en EP, EA y ES.
  • Los pacientes con AV en EP y ES exhibieron déficits en la monitorización de la realidad.
  • La neuroimagen implicó regiones temporo-occipitales tanto para la IMV como para las AV, con problemas adicionales de conectividad frontal en ES.
  • Los individuos que experimentan AV generalmente poseen una IMV más fuerte, lo que sugiere un procesamiento dominante de arriba hacia abajo.

Conclusiones:

  • Una IMV elevada puede predisponer a los individuos a las AV, particularmente en condiciones con alteración de la monitorización de la realidad y los procesos de pensamiento.
  • La hiperfunción de las áreas visuales asociativas podría contribuir a la imagen interna vívida y la posterior falsa atribución en condiciones psiquiátricas.