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Mejora de la comunicación con familiares en duelo sobre ensayos de atención de emergencia y crítica (ENHANCE): un
Hannah Doughty1,2, Elizabeth Deja3, Bridget Young3
1Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK h.c.doughty@ljmu.ac.uk.
BMJ open
|February 26, 2026
Resumen
Los familiares en duelo quieren ser informados sobre la participación de un familiar fallecido en investigaciones de emergencia sin consentimiento previo. Ofrecer esta opción promueve la transparencia y la confianza en los estudios de cuidados intensivos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de emergencia
- Investigación en cuidados intensivos
- Ética de los ensayos clínicos
Sus antecedentes:
- El consentimiento informado es complejo en la investigación de cuidados de emergencia y críticos.
- Los pacientes pueden morir antes de que se pueda obtener el consentimiento de ellos o de sus familiares.
- Los familiares en duelo pueden desconocer la participación de un familiar fallecido en la investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar estrategias de comunicación para informar a los familiares en duelo sobre la participación en investigaciones sin consentimiento previo.
- Comprender las perspectivas de los familiares en duelo y del personal sanitario sobre la divulgación.
- Informar la futura orientación para la investigación en cuidados de emergencia y críticos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de métodos mixtos que combina encuestas telefónicas y entrevistas semiestructuradas.
- Los participantes incluyeron familiares en duelo, personal de investigación/clínico y examinadores/oficiales forenses.
- Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y análisis temático reflexivo.
Principales resultados:
- La mayoría de los familiares en duelo valoraron conocer la participación en la investigación, enfatizando la transparencia.
- Se plantearon preocupaciones sobre las posibles cargas de la divulgación automática por parte de los servicios forenses.
- Un enfoque recomendado es ofrecer a los familiares en duelo la opción de recibir información de manera sensible y rápida después de la muerte.
Conclusiones:
- Los familiares en duelo deben tener la opción de ser informados sobre la participación en investigaciones cuando no se obtuvo el consentimiento previo.
- La comunicación transparente y sensible es crucial para la investigación ética en cuidados de emergencia y críticos.
- Los hallazgos informarán la orientación para el diseño y la realización de estudios de adultos en cuidados de emergencia y críticos.
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