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Poblaciones de células T en la infancia después de la suplementación probiótica materna para prevenir la dermatitis
Dinastry Pramadita Zakiudin1,2, Anne Dorthea Bjerkenes Rø3,4, Vibeke Videm3,4
1Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Clinical and translational allergy
|February 26, 2026
Resumen
La suplementación probiótica materna no alteró las poblaciones de células T en lactantes a los 10 días o a los 2 años de edad. Esto sugiere que la reducción de la dermatitis atópica puede no estar relacionada con estos cambios específicos en las células inmunitarias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Investigación del microbioma
- Alergia pediátrica
Sus antecedentes:
- La ingesta de probióticos maternos durante el embarazo y la lactancia mostró previamente una reducción en la dermatitis atópica (DA) de la descendencia.
- Un análisis previo sugirió que este efecto protector podría estar relacionado con una disminución de los porcentajes de células T helper 22 (Th22) a los 3 meses de edad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto longitudinal de los probióticos maternos en varios subconjuntos de células T helper (Th) y células T reguladoras (Treg) en la descendencia.
- Comparar los perfiles de células inmunitarias a los 10 días, 3 meses y 2 años de edad.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado involucró a 415 mujeres embarazadas asignadas a leche con probióticos o placebo.
- Se analizaron muestras de sangre de la descendencia para detectar Treg y subconjuntos de Th (Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22) mediante citometría de flujo a los 10 días (n=112) y 2 años (n=156).
- Se incluyeron datos de lactantes de 3 meses (n=76) para la comparación longitudinal utilizando modelos mixtos lineales.
Principales resultados:
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en las poblaciones de células T (Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, Treg) entre los grupos de probióticos y placebo a los 10 días y 2 años de edad.
- La reducción previamente observada en el porcentaje de Th22 a los 3 meses no se mantuvo en etapas posteriores.
Conclusiones:
- La reducción observada en las células Th22 a los 3 meses después de la ingesta de probióticos maternos puede no ser el mecanismo principal detrás de la prevención de la dermatitis atópica.
- La falta de diferencias sostenidas en los perfiles de células T sugiere que otros factores pueden mediar los efectos protectores de los probióticos contra las alergias infantiles.
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