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Observación experimental de transiciones de fase no Hermitianas mediante termoacústica inducida por láser

Haixiao Zhang^1,2, Renhao Fan^1,3, Wei Xiong¹

¹School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

Nature communications

|February 26, 2026

Resumen

Los investigadores utilizaron la termoacústica inducida por láser para unificar las simetrías par-tiempo (PT) y anti-PT en acústica. Este avance permite transiciones de fase no Hermitianas sintonizables y la generación de haces de vórtice acústico para dispositivos avanzados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Acústica
Física no Hermitiana
Optoacústica

Sus antecedentes:

La física no Hermitiana explora sistemas abiertos con fenómenos exóticos como los puntos excepcionales.
La simetría par-tiempo (PT) y la simetría anti-PT son conceptos clave en los sistemas no Hermitianos.
La unificación de la simetría PT y anti-PT en una única plataforma acústica es un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

Integrar amplificación sintonizable en un sistema acústico no Hermitiano.
Observar experimentalmente transiciones de fase entre simetrías PT y anti-PT.
Demostrar dispersión acústica controlable y generación de haces de vórtice.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó la termoacústica inducida por láser (LIT) para la excitación.
Se empleó una película ultrafina de nanotubos de carbono (CNT) como material activo.
Se investigaron las transiciones de fase acústicas y las propiedades de dispersión.

Principales resultados:

Se logró la observación experimental de transiciones de fase entre simetrías PT y anti-PT.
Se demostró la creación de estados de dispersión seleccionables.
Se generaron haces de vórtice acústico (VB) con cargas topológicas sintonizables.

Conclusiones:

Se desarrolló una estrategia acústicamente transparente para la acústica no Hermitiana.
Se habilitaron transiciones de fase no Hermitianas controladas en una plataforma unificada.
Se allanó el camino para dispositivos multifuncionales que utilizan acústica PT-simétrica y haces de vórtice acústico.

Palabras clave:

termoacústica inducida por láser física no Hermitiana transiciones de fase simetría PT simetría anti-PT haces de vórtice acústico

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