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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments01:23

The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments

Consider an adiabatic system composed of two chambers, A and B, designed such that no heat flows into or out of the system. Initially, chamber A is filled with a gas at a fixed temperature T1, pressure p1, and volume V1, while chamber B is evacuated. The gas is then gradually forced through a rigid, porous barrier to chamber B, ultimately reaching temperature T2, pressure p2, and volume V2. A piston on the right side maintains a constant pressure (p2), which is lower than p1. The significant...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

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Inyección de estados mágicos en procesadores cuánticos de IBM por encima del umbral de destilación

Younghun Kim1,2, Martin Sevior3, Muhammad Usman3,4

  • 1School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia. younghunk@student.unimelb.edu.au.

Scientific reports
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio demuestra la preparación de estados mágicos de alta fidelidad para la computación cuántica tolerante a fallos utilizando códigos de superficie en procesadores cuánticos de IBM. Esto avanza la realización de puertas lógicas no de Clifford esenciales para computadoras cuánticas universales.

Palabras clave:
computación cuánticacorrección de errores cuánticoscomputación cuántica tolerante a fallos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Computación cuántica
  • Computación cuántica tolerante a fallos
  • Corrección de errores cuánticos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los códigos de superficie son un enfoque líder para la computación cuántica tolerante a fallos.
  • La tolerancia a fallos universal requiere operaciones no de Clifford y estados mágicos, lo que presenta desafíos experimentales.
  • La incrustación eficiente de códigos de superficie en hardware con restricciones de conectividad es difícil.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Abordar los desafíos en la implementación de puertas no de Clifford y la incrustación de códigos de superficie.
  • Demostrar la preparación de estados mágicos de alta fidelidad en procesadores cuánticos de IBM.
  • Mejorar los umbrales de error para códigos de superficie.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó un código de superficie de hexágono pesado rotado y eficiente en qubits para procesadores cuánticos de IBM (ibm_fez).
  • Se implementó el protocolo de inyección de estados mágicos para operaciones no de Clifford.
  • Se empleó postselección para preparar estados mágicos lógicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Se alcanzaron umbrales de error más altos para errores lógicos de bit-flip ( [Formula: see text] ) y de fase-flip ( [Formula: see text] ) en comparación con la incrustación tradicional.
  • Se prepararon estados mágicos lógicos ( [Formula: see text] y [Formula: see text] ) con fidelidades ( [Formula: see text] y [Formula: see text] ) por encima del umbral de destilación de estados mágicos.
  • Se reportó una fidelidad mínima de [Formula: see text] para estados de qubit lógico arbitrarios inyectados.

Conclusiones:

  • Se demostró el potencial para realizar puertas lógicas no de Clifford a través de la preparación de estados mágicos de alta fidelidad.
  • Los métodos desarrollados muestran una promesa para avanzar en la computación cuántica tolerante a fallos en el hardware cuántico actual.
  • Los hallazgos contribuyen a superar obstáculos clave en la construcción de computadoras cuánticas universales.