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Modelado de Riesgo de Resultados para Longevidad Libre de Discapacidad: Comparación de Métodos de Random Forest y
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 27, 2026
Resumen
Los bosques de supervivencia aleatorios (RSF) y los bosques aleatorios (RF) mostraron un rendimiento similar en la predicción de resultados de tiempo hasta el evento en el ensayo ASPREE. RSF no superó consistentemente a RF en los modelos de predicción de riesgos para participantes ancianos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Bioestadística
- Aprendizaje automático en atención médica
Sus antecedentes:
- El análisis de datos de tiempo hasta el evento a menudo emplea métodos que incorporan el tiempo.
- Los bosques de supervivencia aleatorios (RSF) son una extensión de los bosques aleatorios (RF) diseñados para dichos datos.
- El ensayo ASPirin in Reducing Events in Elderly (ASPREE) proporcionó una cohorte para la evaluación de estos modelos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar el rendimiento predictivo de los modelos RSF y RF.
- Determinar si RSF ofrece una discriminación y calibración superiores a RF para resultados de tiempo hasta el evento.
- Evaluar el valor de incorporar el tiempo en los modelos de predicción de riesgos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del ensayo controlado aleatorio ASPREE.
- Se excluyeron participantes de fuera de EE. UU. o con datos faltantes.
- Se entrenaron modelos de Random Forest (RF) y Random Survival Forest (RSF) en 2.291 participantes utilizando 115 predictores candidatos.
- El resultado principal fue la aparición más temprana de demencia incidente, discapacidad física o muerte.
Principales resultados:
- El punto final primario ocurrió en el 10,5% de los participantes.
- Ambos modelos RF y RSF demostraron métricas de discriminación similares (sensibilidad, especificidad, VPP, AUC dependiente del tiempo, concordancia de Harrell).
- La calibración, evaluada por la puntuación de Brier, también fue comparable entre los dos modelos.
Conclusiones:
- Los bosques de supervivencia aleatorios (RSF) y los bosques aleatorios (RF) exhibieron una discriminación y calibración comparables en esta cohorte.
- RSF puede no proporcionar consistentemente predicciones de resultados más precisas que RF.
- Se necesita más investigación en diversas cohortes de ensayos clínicos para definir los contextos específicos en los que el modelado de riesgos basado en el tiempo ofrece un valor adicional.
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