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La red GLP-1-miARN: Control epigenético de la obesidad y los trastornos metabólicos

Shihua Zhao¹, Ping Qin², Xin Wang¹

¹Department of Endocrinology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

|February 27, 2026

Abstract:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a central incretin hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose homeostasis, appetite regulation, and energy metabolism. Beyond its classical insulinotropic actions, GLP-1 enhances cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and central nervous system (CNS) functions, thereby integrating multi-organ metabolic responses. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as epigenetic regulators of GLP-1 signalling, influencing receptor expression, β-cell survival, hypothalamic appetite circuits, and peripheral tissue metabolism. miRNAs act bidirectionally: they can attenuate GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression, contributing to 'incretin resistance' in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), or mediate GLP-1-induced transcriptional adaptations that enhance insulin secretion, lipid oxidation, and energy expenditure. This review synthesizes current knowledge of GLP-1 physiology, receptor signalling, and the miRNA-mediated regulatory network, with a focus on mechanisms underlying obesity and metabolic disorders. This review proposes an integrated GLP-1-miRNA framework that bridges molecular endocrinology with precision metabolic medicine.

Palabras clave:

GLP-1 regulación epigenética incretina microARN obesidad diabetes tipo 2

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