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Desafíos diagnósticos en la enfermedad celíaca

Signe Ulfbeck Schovsbo1, Julie Grew1, Jüri J Rumessen1

  • 1Center for klinisk Forskning og Forebyggelse, Københavns Universitetshospital - Bispebjerg og Frederiksberg Hospital.

Ugeskrift for laeger
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es un trastorno autoinmune desencadenado por el gluten, que afecta al 1% de la población. El diagnóstico temprano y una dieta sin gluten son cruciales para el manejo de la EC, a pesar de que los síntomas variados causan retrasos en el diagnóstico.

Palabras clave:
enfermedad celíacadiagnósticotratamientodieta sin glutenautoinmune

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gastroenterología
  • Inmunología
  • Medicina Dietética

Sus antecedentes:

  • La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es una afección autoinmune desencadenada por la ingestión de gluten.
  • Afecta aproximadamente al 1% de la población mundial, con muchos casos sin diagnosticar.
  • Los síntomas inespecíficos y variados contribuyen a los desafíos y retrasos en el diagnóstico.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los procedimientos de diagnóstico de la enfermedad celíaca.
  • Enfatizar la importancia de reconocer los síntomas de la EC.
  • Destacar la necesidad de una mayor concienciación y un diagnóstico rápido.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura actual sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de la enfermedad celíaca.
  • Análisis de marcadores diagnósticos y presentaciones clínicas.
  • Discusión de protocolos de tratamiento, incluidas las intervenciones dietéticas.

Principales resultados:

  • El diagnóstico de la enfermedad celíaca se basa en pruebas de anticuerpos seguidas de derivación a un especialista.
  • Una dieta sin gluten de por vida es el tratamiento principal para la EC.
  • La orientación del dietista es esencial para un manejo dietético eficaz.

Conclusiones:

  • Una mayor concienciación sobre los síntomas de la enfermedad celíaca es vital para reducir los retrasos en el diagnóstico.
  • El conocimiento de los procedimientos de diagnóstico facilita la identificación y el manejo oportunos.
  • El diagnóstico temprano y la adherencia a una dieta sin gluten son clave para el manejo eficaz de la EC.