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Dopaje de heteroátomos en macrociclos de carbono para síntesis y aplicaciones avanzadas

Chao Liu¹, Shuangyi Li¹, Xin Chen¹

¹Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China. iamywei@njupt.edu.cn.

Chemical Society reviews

|February 27, 2026

Resumen

Los macrociclos dopados con heteroátomos ofrecen propiedades sintonizables para aplicaciones avanzadas. Esta revisión cubre estrategias de síntesis recientes y usos en áreas como sensores y catálisis.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química Orgánica
Ciencia de Materiales
Química Supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

Los macrociclos son cruciales en diversos campos como la bioimagen y la catálisis.
Los macrociclos convencionales dependen del tamaño del anillo para ajustar las propiedades.
La incorporación de heteroátomos (N, O, S) permite un control preciso sobre las propiedades electrónicas y la funcionalidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los avances recientes (2020-2025) en la síntesis de macrociclos dopados con heteroátomos.
Resumir las aplicaciones de estos compuestos macrocíclicos avanzados.
Proporcionar una referencia para investigadores en campos interdisciplinarios.

Principales métodos:

Cubre estrategias sintéticas metal-catalizadas (por ejemplo, Pd, Ni, Pt) y libres de metales.
Incluye técnicas de modificación post-sintética para el ajuste fino de propiedades.
Resume los desarrollos recientes en dopaje de heteroátomos (N-, O-, S-, N,O-, N,S-).

Principales resultados:

Demostró la síntesis de diversos macrociclos dopados con heteroátomos.
Destacó aplicaciones en sistemas anfitrión-huésped, sensores, OLEDs, OFETs, OPVs y (foto)catálisis.
Mostró la estructura electrónica sintonizable y el band gap de los macrociclos dopados.

Conclusiones:

Los macrociclos dopados con heteroátomos representan un avance significativo en la ciencia de materiales.
Estos compuestos ofrecen una sintonizabilidad mejorada para aplicaciones sofisticadas.
La revisión proporciona una visión general completa y perspectivas futuras para el campo.

Palabras clave:

macrociclos dopados con heteroátomos química supramolecular ciencia de materiales catálisis sensores OLEDs

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