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Los días especiales para un grupo informan a los niños sobre los grupos mencionados y no mencionados
Erin Kim1, Bethany Rutkowski1, Leah Vaidya1
1Wesleyan University, USA.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|February 27, 2026
Resumen
Declaraciones sobre un grupo social
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva
- Psicología Social
- Psicología del Desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- La cognición social implica comprender cómo las personas procesan la información social.
- Las inferencias sobre grupos sociales pueden verse influenciadas por información limitada.
- El razonamiento social de los niños puede diferir del de los adultos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo las declaraciones sobre las oportunidades de un grupo conducen a inferencias sobre grupos mencionados y no mencionados.
- Examinar las diferencias en el desarrollo de la generación de inferencias sociales entre niños y adultos.
- Comprender las inferencias sociales no deseadas derivadas de información limitada.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron tres experimentos con 520 niños y 101 adultos.
- Se introdujeron grupos sociales novedosos a los participantes y se les informaron sobre las actividades de un grupo.
- Se recopilaron calificaciones de la competencia del grupo en las actividades tanto para los grupos mencionados como para los no mencionados.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños inferían que el grupo mencionado era muy competente y el grupo no mencionado era menos competente.
- Los adultos inferían que el grupo mencionado era muy competente y el grupo no mencionado tenía una competencia neutral.
- Las inferencias sobre los grupos no mencionados eran significativamente diferentes de las calificaciones de referencia.
Conclusiones:
- La información limitada sobre un grupo social puede generar inferencias sociales no deseadas sobre otros grupos.
- Existen diferencias en el desarrollo en la extensión y naturaleza de estas inferencias sociales.
- Los oradores pueden moldear inadvertidamente las percepciones de los oyentes sobre múltiples grupos sociales.
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