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Uso de alcohol y drogas en músicos: una revisión sistemática

Xiao Zeng1, Ringala Cainamisir, Hubertus Himmerich

  • 1Dep. of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK. zengxiao011122@163.com.

Medical problems of performing artists
|February 28, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Los músicos tienen tasas más altas de abuso de sustancias, particularmente alcohol y cannabis, en comparación con la población general. Esto está relacionado con el estrés en el lugar de trabajo, los mecanismos de afrontamiento y las normas de la industria.

Palabras clave:
músicosabuso de sustanciassalud mentalindustria de la músicaestrés laboralmecanismos de afrontamientonormas de la industria

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología
  • Estudios de la Industria Musical
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los músicos experimentan factores estresantes psicológicos y profesionales únicos.
  • La prevalencia del abuso de sustancias en los músicos varía ampliamente (13-80%) según la sustancia, el género y la metodología.
  • La investigación existente destaca un vínculo potencial entre la profesión musical y un mayor riesgo de abuso de sustancias.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar sistemáticamente y sintetizar la investigación existente sobre el consumo de alcohol y drogas entre los músicos.
  • Resumir la prevalencia, los factores asociados y los impactos en la salud mental del abuso de sustancias en esta población.
  • Explorar la interacción entre el malestar psicológico, los desafíos profesionales y el consumo de sustancias en los músicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión sistemática que se adhiere a las directrices PRISMA.
  • Inclusión de 23 estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos (1959-2024) con 36.245 participantes.
  • Identificación inicial de 551 registros, seguida de cribado y exclusión.

Principales resultados:

  • Los músicos presentan una mayor incidencia de abuso de sustancias, especialmente alcohol y cannabis, que la población general.
  • Los factores clave que contribuyen incluyen estrategias de afrontamiento inadecuadas, entornos de trabajo exigentes y normas culturales de la industria de la música.
  • Se identificaron el género musical, el rol de la actuación y la inestabilidad económica como influencias significativas.

Conclusiones:

  • El abuso de sustancias entre los músicos es un problema complejo influenciado por factores psicológicos, profesionales y culturales.
  • La investigación futura debe emplear diseños longitudinales, perspectivas culturales diversas y priorizar las experiencias de los propios músicos.
  • Los hallazgos pueden informar intervenciones y políticas de salud mental específicas dentro de la profesión musical.