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Estrategias activas para niños con respiración obstructiva durante el sueño: una revisión sistemática y un

Pierre Cnockaert¹, Julien Da Purificaçao², William Poncin¹

¹Pole of Pulmonology, ENT and Dermatology (LUNS), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.

|February 28, 2026

Resumen

Las estrategias activas como la terapia miofuncional no están respaldadas como tratamiento de primera línea para la respiración obstructiva del sueño (ROSE) pediátrica. La evidencia actual no muestra una mejora significativa en los resultados objetivos del sueño en niños con ROSE.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina del Sueño Pediátrico
Medicina Respiratoria
Otorrinolaringología

Sus antecedentes:

Las estrategias activas, incluida la terapia miofuncional (TMF), se consideran cada vez más para el manejo de la respiración obstructiva del sueño (ROS) pediátrica.
Este metaanálisis evalúa la efectividad de estas estrategias activas en los resultados objetivos del sueño en niños.

Objetivo del estudio:

Realizar un metaanálisis sobre el impacto de las estrategias activas en los resultados objetivos del sueño en la respiración obstructiva del sueño (ROS) pediátrica.
Resultado primario: Índice de Apnea-Hipopnea (IAH). Resultados secundarios: SpO2 promedio y nadir.

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis guiados por PRISMA.
Se buscaron en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Embase y PEDro hasta enero de 2026.
Se incluyeron estudios que examinaron estrategias activas como intervenciones aisladas para la ROS pediátrica; se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo utilizando RoB 2.0 y ROBINS-I V2.

Principales resultados:

Ocho artículos (7 TMF, 1 ejercicio) fueron incluidos, la mayoría con un alto riesgo de sesgo.
No se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en el IAH o la SpO2 promedio para la TMF en ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA).
Los ensayos controlados no aleatorizados (ECNA) tampoco mostraron cambios significativos en el IAH o el nadir de SpO2 con la TMF.

Conclusiones:

La evidencia actual no respalda el uso de estrategias activas aisladas como tratamiento de primera línea para la ROS pediátrica.
Se necesita más investigación de alta calidad para aclarar el papel de las estrategias activas en el manejo de la ROS.

Palabras clave:

Terapia miofuncional Pediatría Actividad física Rehabilitación Apnea del sueño Trastornos de la respiración durante el sueño

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