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Sustancias per- y polifluoroalquiladas: Un nuevo factor de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares

Wu Chen¹, Chenyu Qiu¹, Zhenchun Yang¹

¹Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

|February 28, 2026

Resumen

La exposición a sustancias per- y polifluoroalquiladas (PFAS) puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). La investigación sugiere un vínculo potencial entre las PFAS y afecciones como la hipertensión y la aterosclerosis, aunque se necesitan más estudios.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Ambiental; Medicina Cardiovascular; Toxicología

Sus antecedentes:

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son una causa principal de mortalidad mundial.
Las sustancias per- y polifluoroalquiladas (PFAS) son productos químicos sintéticos persistentes con vínculos emergentes a riesgos para la salud.
La exposición a PFAS es un posible nuevo factor de riesgo para las ECV.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar y resumir los hallazgos epidemiológicos sobre el impacto de la exposición a PFAS en las ECV.
Examinar la asociación entre las PFAS y los precursores de enfermedades cardiovasculares como la hipertensión, la aterosclerosis y la rigidez arterial.
Identificar lagunas de conocimiento y sugerir direcciones para futuras investigaciones.

Principales métodos:

Búsqueda estructurada de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science.
Inclusión de artículos de investigación originales publicados hasta el 14 de febrero de 2025.
Síntesis de datos epidemiológicos sobre la exposición a PFAS y los resultados cardiovasculares.

Principales resultados:

La evidencia actual sugiere una posible asociación entre las PFAS heredadas (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS) y un aumento de la incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad de ECV.
La exposición a PFAS puede estar relacionada con la presión arterial elevada, la aterosclerosis agravada y la rigidez arterial.
Factores como el sexo, la edad y el estado socioeconómico pueden influir en la susceptibilidad, pero la evidencia no es concluyente.

Conclusiones:

Existe una posible asociación entre la exposición a PFAS y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, incluidas las cardiopatías isquémicas y los accidentes cerebrovasculares.
Se necesita más investigación, incluidos estudios experimentales y longitudinales, para establecer la causalidad y dilucidar los mecanismos biológicos.
También se debe evaluar la seguridad cardiovascular de los compuestos emergentes de PFAS.

Palabras clave:

Rigidez arterial Aterosclerosis Presión arterial Enfermedad cardiovascular PFAS

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