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Infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis agota los ácidos grasos del huésped en humanos y primates no humanos

Jeffrey M Collins¹, Liya Wassie², Kidist Bobosha²

¹Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

|February 28, 2026

Resumen

La infección por tuberculosis causa un agotamiento significativo de los lípidos del huésped, especialmente en pacientes con TB pulmonar activa. La suplementación con lípidos puede mejorar los resultados de la tuberculosis.

Área de la Ciencia:

Metabolómica
Inmunología
Enfermedades Infecciosas

Sus antecedentes:

Las alteraciones del metabolismo del huésped durante la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) no se comprenden completamente.
La investigación del impacto de Mtb en el metabolismo del huésped puede revelar nuevos objetivos terapéuticos.
La comprensión de los cambios metabólicos del huésped es crucial para mejorar los resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB).

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los cambios en el perfil metabólico y lipídico en respuesta a la infección por Mtb.
Examinar la respuesta metabólica del huésped en cohortes de primates no humanos y humanos.
Identificar posibles intervenciones nutricionales para la TB.

Principales métodos:

Perfil metabólico y lipídico de alta resolución de macacos Rhesus infectados con Mtb.
Análisis de muestras de plasma en serie desde la infección hasta 15-16 semanas después de la infección.
Perfil metabólico de cohortes humanas: pacientes con infección latente por Mtb (ILTB), sin infección por Mtb (sin ILTB) y con TB pulmonar (TBP).

Principales resultados:

Se observaron disminuciones significativas en varios ácidos grasos de cadena larga (AGCL) en primates no humanos (PNH) infectados con Mtb y en humanos.
El agotamiento de AGCL fue más pronunciado en pacientes con TB pulmonar en comparación con individuos con infección latente por tuberculosis (ILTB).
Los niveles de AGCL se normalizaron gradualmente en pacientes con TB pulmonar seis meses después del tratamiento.

Conclusiones:

La infección por Mtb conduce a un agotamiento sistémico de lípidos en el huésped.
Este agotamiento de lípidos es más severo en la TB pulmonar activa y puede ser un marcador de la gravedad de la enfermedad.
Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre la suplementación con lípidos como terapia dirigida al huésped para la TB.

Palabras clave:

Ácidos grasos Metabolismo Metabolómica Tuberculosis

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