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Coevolución neuroinmunometabólica en el micro y macroambiente tumoral
Yu Zhang1, Weijie Zhuang2, Haodong Zhu3
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Cell metabolism
|February 28, 2026
Resumen
El sistema nervioso vincula intrincadamente los sistemas inmunitario y metabólico para influir en la progresión y el tratamiento del cáncer. Comprender estas interacciones neuroinmunometabólicas en el microambiente y macroambiente tumoral es clave para desarrollar nuevas terapias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Inmunología
- Metabolismo
- Oncología
Sus antecedentes:
- El sistema nervioso integra las funciones inmunitarias, endocrinas y circulatorias para la coordinación fisiológica.
- El sistema nervioso impacta significativamente la progresión tumoral y la resistencia al tratamiento.
- Las interacciones ocurren tanto a nivel del microambiente tumoral (TME) como del macroambiente tumoral (TMaE).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una revisión exhaustiva de la coevolución neuroinmunometabólica dentro del TME y TMaE.
- Elucidar el papel del sistema nervioso periférico (SNP) en la regulación de las funciones metabólicas e inmunitarias dentro del TME.
- Destacar cómo el cáncer explota las interacciones cerebro-cuerpo para alterar el metabolismo y la inmunidad sistémicos en el TMaE.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura centrada en las interacciones neuroinmunometabólicas en el cáncer.
- Análisis del papel del sistema nervioso periférico (SNP) a escala del TME.
- Examen de la comunicación cerebro-cuerpo y su impacto en el metabolismo y la inmunidad sistémicos a escala del TMaE.
Principales resultados:
- El SNP, que comprende neuronas simpáticas, parasimpáticas y sensoriales, modula los procesos metabólicos y las funciones de las células inmunitarias dentro del TME.
- Las células cancerosas aprovechan las interacciones cerebro-cuerpo para reprogramar el metabolismo sistémico y las respuestas inmunitarias, fomentando el crecimiento tumoral.
- El SNP actúa como una vía de comunicación crítica entre los tumores y los órganos distantes.
Conclusiones:
- Las interacciones neuroinmunometabólicas son centrales para la progresión del cáncer y la resistencia terapéutica.
- La orientación de las vías neuroinmunes y neurometabólicas ofrece potencial para nuevas terapias contra el cáncer.
- Se necesita más investigación para abordar las lagunas de conocimiento en neuroinmunometabolismo para la aplicación clínica.
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