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Cómo la corrupción influye en la salud de la población
Ilias Kyriopoulos1, Dimitrios Minos2, Sotiris Vandoros3,4
1London School of Economics and Political Science.
The Milbank quarterly
|March 1, 2026
Resumen
La corrupción se relaciona con tasas de mortalidad más altas, especialmente en países de bajos ingresos. Abordar la corrupción puede mejorar la salud pública y los ingresos del gobierno, alineándose con los objetivos de salud globales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investiga la intersección de la economía política, los factores institucionales y los resultados de la salud de la población.
- Contribuye a la comprensión de los determinantes de la salud de nivel superior más allá de la investigación tradicional de salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La relación entre la corrupción y la salud de la población está poco explorada en la literatura de salud pública.
- La investigación existente a menudo pasa por alto determinantes estructurales de nivel macro como la corrupción.
- Este estudio aborda la brecha examinando el impacto de la corrupción en la mortalidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la corrupción y las tasas de mortalidad a nivel mundial.
- Explorar las vías a través de las cuales la corrupción afecta la salud de la población.
- Informar las políticas destacando el vínculo entre la lucha contra la corrupción y la mejora de los resultados de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Utiliza datos a nivel de país de 102 naciones entre 2008 y 2018.
- Emplea métodos econométricos, incluyendo variables instrumentales y el enfoque de Mundlak.
- Utiliza factores culturales históricos como variables instrumentales para abordar las preocupaciones de endogeneidad.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre los niveles de corrupción y las tasas de mortalidad más altas.
- La corrupción se asocia con una reducción de los ingresos del gobierno, una menor capacidad fiscal y una mala asignación de los fondos públicos, particularmente en la atención sanitaria.
- El impacto de la corrupción en la mortalidad está moderado por el nivel de provisión de bienes públicos.
Conclusiones:
- La corrupción es un determinante significativo de nivel superior de la salud de la población, que afecta la financiación de la salud y la asignación de recursos.
- Abordar la corrupción debe considerarse una prioridad de salud pública.
- La lucha contra la corrupción se alinea y apoya los objetivos de salud globales, como los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
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