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Cambio climático y enfermedades relacionadas con el agua: un análisis bibliométrico, de mapas de conocimiento, de

Serdar Karakullukcu¹, Irem Dilaver², Fatih Gurcan³

¹Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Türkiye

Journal of water and health

|March 1, 2026

Resumen

La investigación sobre el cambio climático y las enfermedades relacionadas con el agua (ERA) está creciendo pero geográficamente concentrada, creando brechas de evidencia. Se necesita una inversión urgente en estrategias de adaptación para proteger a las poblaciones vulnerables.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Ambientales
Salud Pública
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

El cambio climático está cada vez más relacionado con la propagación de enfermedades relacionadas con el agua (ERA).
La investigación sobre este tema ha aumentado, particularmente después de 2007, pero muestra una concentración geográfica significativa.
Existe una brecha de evidencia notable para las regiones de alto riesgo debido a las redes de colaboración centralizadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Mapear el panorama de investigación en evolución sobre el cambio climático y las enfermedades relacionadas con el agua (ERA) de 1995 a 2025.
Identificar los temas clave de investigación, el enfoque geográfico, los patrones de colaboración y las tendencias emergentes.
Destacar la brecha de implementación en la traducción del conocimiento sobre riesgos climáticos y de salud en estrategias de adaptación.

Principales métodos:

Análisis bibliométrico
Mapeo del conocimiento
Modelado BERTopic
Análisis de contenido de estudios de alto impacto

Principales resultados:

El volumen de publicaciones aumentó significativamente, alcanzando su punto máximo en 2024, con EE. UU., China y el Reino Unido como principales contribuyentes.
La malaria y el dengue dominan la literatura, pero la investigación se está desplazando hacia el modelado de riesgos y la idoneidad del hábitat de los vectores.
Los estudios revelan la expansión de los rangos y la estacionalidad de las ERA debido a eventos climáticos extremos, afectando desproporcionadamente a los grupos vulnerables.

Conclusiones:

La traducción del conocimiento sobre riesgos climáticos y de salud en una adaptación eficaz sigue siendo un desafío.
Cerrar la brecha de implementación requiere inversión en sistemas de alerta temprana, infraestructura resiliente e intervenciones de salud pública.
La acción estratégica es crucial para proteger a las poblaciones vulnerables de las enfermedades sensibles al clima.

Palabras clave:

análisis bibliométrico cambio climático análisis de contenido análisis de mapas de conocimiento modelado de temas enfermedades relacionadas con el agua

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