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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Conmutación de Estado de Espín Sensible a Estímulos en Helicatos Supramoleculares que Unen la Bistabilidad

Debopam Sarkar1, Sounak Ghosh1, Pradip Kumar Mondal2

  • 1Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.

Inorganic chemistry
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevos helicatos de hierro que cambian entre estados de espín en las fases sólida y de solución. Este avance ofrece potencial para crear dispositivos moleculares procesables y conmutables más allá del estado cristalino.

Palabras clave:
helicatos de hierrobistabilidadconmutación de estado de espínmateriales molecularesdispositivos moleculares

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de Coordinación
  • Ciencia de los Materiales
  • Química Supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • El diseño de sistemas moleculares bistables para fases sólida y de solución es un desafío.
  • Los sistemas de cruce de espín se estudian ampliamente en cristales, pero la conmutación en fase de solución es rara.
  • Los materiales procesables y funcionales requieren bistabilidad en diferentes fases.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Informar sobre una nueva familia de helicatos metalosupramoleculares con bistabilidad en las fases sólida y de solución.
  • Investigar el comportamiento de conmutación del estado de espín de estos helicatos.
  • Explorar el potencial de estos sistemas para materiales funcionales.

Principales métodos:

  • Difracción de rayos X de cristal único de sincrotrón para caracterización estructural.
  • Mediciones magnéticas en estado sólido para confirmar la conmutación del estado de espín.
  • Espectroscopía de RMN de 1H de Evans a temperatura variable en fase de solución para estudiar la dinámica de espín.

Principales resultados:

  • Se sintetizó y caracterizó una nueva familia de helicatos [Fe2L3].
  • Ambos helicatos (M1 y M2) demostraron conmutación de estado de espín dependiente de la temperatura en las fases sólida y de solución.
  • Estudios de RMN revelaron equilibrios dinámicos de estado de espín en solución, ofreciendo información a nivel molecular.

Conclusiones:

  • Los helicatos [Fe2L3] representan una nueva clase de sistemas bistables accesibles en solución.
  • Estos hallazgos permiten el desarrollo de dispositivos moleculares conmutables más allá del estado cristalino.
  • La conmutación del estado de espín es sensible al entorno supramolecular y a las moléculas de disolvente cristalino.