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Peligros fetales y neonatales de la hidratación materna con 5% de dextrosa antes de la cesárea
Lancet (London, England)
|May 22, 1982
Resumen
Las infusiones de dosis altas de dextrosa antes del parto por cesárea pueden dañar a los recién nacidos, causando hipoglucemia e ictericia. Limitar la dextrosa a 6 g/h para garantizar la seguridad materna y fetal durante la anestesia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- Anestesiología Anestesiología.
- Neonatología Neonatología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La hipotensión es una complicación común durante las cesáreas.
- La administración intravenosa de glucosa se utiliza para prevenir la hipotensión.
- El régimen óptimo de glucosa requiere más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los efectos de diferentes regímenes de dextrosa en los resultados maternos y neonatales durante las cesáreas electivas.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio aleatorizado prospectivo en el que participaron 47 mujeres en ayunas sometidas a cesárea electiva.
- Se administraron tres regímenes de glucosa intravenosa diferentes antes de la anestesia epidural.
- Se midieron los niveles de glucosa en sangre materna, glucosa e insulina en la sangre del cordón umbilical y glucosa en sangre neonatal y niveles de glucagón.
Principales resultados:
- Los niveles de glucosa en sangre materna aumentaron significativamente con regímenes de 25 g y 57,5 g de dextrosa.
- El régimen de 57,5 g de dextrosa condujo a un aumento de la glucosa e insulina fetales, una disminución del glucagón fetal y el pH.
- Se observó hipoglucemia neonatal y aumento de la incidencia de ictericia con el régimen de 57,5 g.
Conclusiones:
- Las infusiones de dosis altas de dextrosa (≥25 g) antes del parto por cesárea son perjudiciales para el feto.
- Las complicaciones neonatales incluyen hipoglucemia, liberación retardada de glucagón y aumento de la ictericia.
- La administración de dextrosa debe limitarse a 6 g/h hasta que se establezcan tasas seguras.
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