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Hipokalemia aguda y transitoria: nueva interpretación de un evento común
Lancet (London, England)
|October 2, 1982
Resumen
La hipocalamia (bajo contenido de potasio) en pacientes hospitalizados de edad avanzada a menudo se resuelve espontáneamente en cuestión de días, incluso sin suplementos de potasio. Esto sugiere que un cambio transitorio de potasio en las células es una causa común en las admisiones médicas agudas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina interna es la medicina interna de las enfermedades.
- Química clínica es la química clínica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La hipocalcemia (bajo nivel de potasio en el plasma) es un desequilibrio electrolítico común en pacientes hospitalizados.
- Las causas y el curso natural de la hipocaliemia en pacientes médicos con enfermedades agudas no se comprenden completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las características y la resolución natural de la hipocaliemia en pacientes hospitalizados no seleccionados.
- Para determinar si la hipocalemia en pacientes hospitalizados de forma aguda es una condición espontáneamente reversible.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizaron los niveles plasmáticos de potasio en 70 pacientes hospitalizados con hipocaliemia (≤ 2,8 mmol/l).
- Se registraron datos demográficos y condiciones médicas agudas recientes.
- Se tomaron mediciones de potasio en plasma de seguimiento para un subconjunto de pacientes.
Principales resultados:
- El grupo de estudio estaba compuesto predominantemente por mujeres y personas mayores.
- Casi la mitad de los pacientes no recibieron suplementos de potasio.
- En pacientes con afecciones médicas agudas, el potasio plasmático se normalizó en aproximadamente 4 días, independientemente de la suplementación.
Conclusiones:
- La hipocalamia en pacientes médicos ingresados de forma aguda, incluidos aquellos con infarto de miocardio, a menudo es un evento no específico y espontáneamente reversible.
- Un cambio intracelular transitorio de potasio es una explicación probable para este fenómeno observado.
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