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Problemas psicológicos en niños con dolor abdominal
Lancet (London, England)
|February 25, 1984
Resumen
Los niños con dolor abdominal, ya sea orgánico (enfermedad de Crohn, colitis ulcerosa) o no orgánico, experimentan problemas psicológicos como depresión y baja autoestima. Estos problemas son comunes en todos los grupos de dolor abdominal, lo que dificulta la diferenciación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología Pediátrica Gastroenterología pediátrica
- Psicología Infantil Psicología infantil.
- Psicología de la salud clínica Psicología de la salud clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- El dolor abdominal es una queja común en los niños.
- Distinguir entre causas orgánicas y no orgánicas del dolor abdominal puede ser un desafío.
- Los factores psicológicos pueden desempeñar un papel en el dolor abdominal pediátrico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la prevalencia de problemas psicológicos en niños con dolor abdominal orgánico (enfermedad de Crohn, colitis ulcerosa) y dolor abdominal no orgánico.
- Para comparar el ajuste psicológico en niños con diferentes tipos de dolor abdominal y controles sanos.
- Determinar si la evaluación psicológica puede diferenciar entre dolor abdominal orgánico y no orgánico en niños.
Principales métodos:
- Se evaluó una cohorte de 44 niños con dolor abdominal orgánico (24 con enfermedad de Crohn, 20 con colitis ulcerosa), 16 con dolor abdominal no orgánico y 30 controles sin dolor.
- Una batería de autoinforme de cinco pruebas midió el ajuste personal, familiar y social.
- Se realizaron comparaciones estadísticas entre los grupos.
Principales resultados:
- Los tres grupos de dolor abdominal presentaron problemas psicológicos en comparación con los controles.
- Los niños con enfermedad de Crohn mostraron depresión significativa y baja autoestima.
- Los niños con colitis ulcerosa tenían depresión elevada, y aquellos con dolor no orgánico informaron baja autoestima.
- No se encontraron diferencias psicológicas significativas entre los niños con dolor abdominal orgánico versus no orgánico.
Conclusiones:
- La angustia psicológica es prevalente en los niños que experimentan dolor abdominal tanto orgánico como no orgánico.
- La evaluación psicológica por sí sola puede no distinguir de manera confiable entre las causas orgánicas y no orgánicas del dolor abdominal en pacientes pediátricos.
- Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de abordar el bienestar psicológico en niños con dolor abdominal crónico.
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