Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: May 12, 2026

07:47
Microscopy of Fission Yeast Sexual Lifecycle
Published on: March 9, 2016
La regulación de la estructura de la cromatina del tipo de apareamiento de la levadura por SIR: una acción a
Cell
|September 1, 1982
Resumen
El complejo proteico Regulador de Información Silenciosa (SIR) es crucial para mantener estructuras distintas de cromatina en los loci tipo apareamiento silencioso de levadura (HML y HMR). Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética y epigenética de la levadura.
- Estructura y regulación de la cromatina.
- Mecanismos de silenciamiento de genes.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los alelos del tipo de apareamiento de la levadura (MATa y MAT alfa) regulan la reproducción sexual.
- Los loci de tipo de apareamiento silencioso (HML y HMR) comparten secuencias de ADN con los loci activos, pero están reprimidos transcripcionalmente.
- Se sabe que el complejo Silent Information Regulator (SIR) reprime la transcripción de los loci silenciosos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si el SIR regula la estructura general de la cromatina de los loci silenciosos.
- Para comparar la accesibilidad de la cromatina en los loci activos (MAT) frente a los silenciosos (HML / HMR) en presencia y ausencia de SIR.
- Comprender el papel de SIR en la regulación de la interconversión de tipo de apareamiento y la direccionalidad de conmutación.
Principales métodos:
- Ensayos de digestión de nucleótidos utilizando DNAasa I y nucleasa de micrococos.
- Análisis comparativo de los patrones de escisión de la cromatina en las loci HML alfa/MAT alfa y HMRa/MATa.
- Examen de la estructura de la cromatina en las cepas de levadura SIR+ (reprimida) y sir- (desreprimida).
Principales resultados:
- SIR es esencial para establecer y mantener una estructura de cromatina distinta en los loci HM en comparación con los loci MAT.
- SIR induce la desaparición de un sitio específico hipersensible a la DNAasa I en el límite Y-Z en los loci HM.
- Este cambio de cromatina mediado por SIR se correlaciona con la pérdida de un sitio de ruptura de doble hebra, lo que explica el cambio de tipo de apareamiento direccional.
Conclusiones:
- SIR remodela activamente la cromatina en los loci silenciosos, diferenciándolos de los loci activos de tipo de apareamiento.
- La regulación de la estructura de la cromatina por SIR, particularmente el sitio límite Y-Z, es clave para su papel en el silenciamiento de genes.
- Las modificaciones de la cromatina por SIR proporcionan una explicación mecánica para la direccionalidad regulada de la conmutación del tipo de apareamiento de la levadura.
Más Videos Relacionados
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Yeast Signaling
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
Position-effect Variegation
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Combinatorial Gene Control
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

