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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Elementos genéticos eucariotas transponibles con repeticiones terminales invertidas.

S Potter, M Truett, M Phillips

    Cell
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los investigadores identificaron nuevos elementos genéticos transponibles en Drosophila. Estas secuencias de ADN, caracterizadas por repeticiones invertidas, pueden moverse dentro del genoma, diferenciándose de elementos previamente conocidos.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • * Biología Molecular.
    • * La genética.
    • * La genómica es la genómica.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • * Los elementos genéticos transponibles (ET) son secuencias móviles de ADN que pueden alterar la estructura y la función del genoma.
    • * Investigaciones anteriores han identificado varias ET en Drosophila, como copia, pero su diversidad y mecanismos aún están siendo explorados.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • * Para investigar la transposición de secuencias de ADN que contienen repeticiones invertidas dentro del genoma de Drosophila.
    • * Para caracterizar nuevos elementos genéticos transponibles y compararlos con las ETs conocidas.

    Principales métodos:

    • * Aislamiento y análisis de cinco segmentos de ADN Bam HI con repeticiones invertidas de D. melanogaster.
    • * Microscopía electrónica y mapeo de restricciones para el análisis estructural.
    • * Experimentos de Southern blot utilizando secuencias flanqueantes de una sola copia para estudiar las disposiciones del ADN en cepas relacionadas.

    Principales resultados:

    • * Tres de las secuencias aisladas fueron confirmadas como elementos genéticos transponibles.
    • * La movilidad se demostró mediante la purificación de segmentos de ADN con y sin la secuencia de repetición invertida.
    • * Estos elementos poseen repeticiones terminales invertidas y exhiben una construcción más heterogénea en comparación con copia.

    Conclusiones:

    • * El estudio identificó y confirmó la movilidad de nuevos elementos genéticos transponibles en Drosophila.
    • * Estos elementos recién descubiertos son distintos de los TEs descritos anteriormente debido a sus repeticiones terminales invertidas y su estructura heterogénea.