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Girasa inversa - una topoisomerasa que introduce giros superhélicos positivos en el ADN
Nature
|June 21, 1984
Resumen
Una nueva enzima de Sulfolobus, un arqueón amante del calor, crea ADN positivamente superenrolado. Esta topoisomerasa de ADN tipo II requiere altas temperaturas, ATP y Mg2+ para funcionar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El sulfolobus es un arqueón acidotermófilo conocido por su maquinaria celular única.
- La topología del ADN es crucial para varios procesos genéticos, incluyendo la replicación y la transcripción.
- Las topoisomerasas son enzimas que manejan el superenrolamiento del ADN.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar y caracterizar nuevas actividades enzimáticas en extractos celulares de Sulfolobus.
- Para investigar los cambios topológicos del ADN inducidos por estas enzimas.
- Para determinar las propiedades y requisitos de la enzima identificada.
Principales métodos:
- Pruebas enzimáticas utilizando sustratos de ADN circular cerrados.
- Análisis de los cambios topológicos del ADN a través de la electroforesis en gel.
- Caracterización de la actividad enzimática bajo condiciones variables de temperatura, ATP y Mg2+.
Principales resultados:
- Se detectó una actividad enzimática distinta, que convierte el ADN circular cerrado en una forma positivamente superenrolada.
- Esta actividad fue atribuida a una nueva topoisomerasa de ADN de tipo II.
- Se observó una función enzimática óptima a temperaturas superiores a 55°C, dependiente del ATP y el Mg2+.
Conclusiones:
- El sulfolobus alberga una topoisomerasa de ADN tipo II única con actividad positiva de superenrolamiento.
- El óptimo de alta temperatura de la enzima refleja la naturaleza ácido-termofílica del organismo.
- Este descubrimiento amplía el repertorio conocido de topoisomerasas de ADN y sus funciones en las arqueas.
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