Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

07:57
Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
Published on: August 15, 2018
La evidencia sobre los orígenes humanos proviene de las hemoglobinas de los simios africanos
Nature
|June 9, 1983
Resumen
La investigación de los orígenes humanos utilizando datos moleculares sugiere una relación más cercana entre los humanos, los chimpancés y los gorilas. Los nuevos datos de la secuencia de hemoglobina indican una evolución desacelerada, lo que apoya tiempos de divergencia más largos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Antropología Molecular Antropología Molecular.
- Genética de los primates.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos moleculares han rediseñado la comprensión de los orígenes humanos, colocando a los chimpancés y los gorilas más cerca de los humanos que de los orangutanes.
- Las estimaciones anteriores del reloj molecular sugirieron una divergencia muy reciente entre Homo y Pan (hace 1-1,5 millones de años), en conflicto con la evidencia fósil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar rigurosamente las secuencias de aminoácidos alfa y beta de hemoglobina para el chimpancé (Pan troglodytes), el gorila (Gorilla gorilla) y el chimpancé pigmeo (Pan paniscus).
- Para reevaluar los tiempos de divergencia hominoide y las tasas evolutivas utilizando datos precisos de secuencia de hemoglobina.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación de aminoácidos de alfa y beta-hemoglobina de chimpancé, chimpancé pigmeo y gorila.
- Análisis filogenético utilizando los datos de secuencia obtenidos para construir árboles evolutivos.
- Comparación de las estimaciones del reloj molecular derivadas de nuevos datos con hallazgos anteriores.
Principales resultados:
- Determinó con precisión las secuencias de aminoácidos para las proteínas clave de la hemoglobina en los hominoides estudiados.
- Los hallazgos apoyan las tasas evolutivas desaceleradas en las secuencias de hemoglobina hominoide.
- Los nuevos datos sugieren tiempos de divergencia más largos entre los linajes hominoides que los estimados previamente a partir de algunos datos moleculares.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución de la secuencia desacelerada es una explicación más probable para la discrepancia entre las estimaciones del reloj molecular y los registros fósiles.
- La selección natural puede haber desempeñado un papel importante en la preservación de moléculas de hemoglobina altamente funcionales a lo largo del tiempo evolutivo.
- Los datos precisos de secuencias moleculares son cruciales para refinar nuestra comprensión de la historia evolutiva humana y de los primates.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
What is Evolutionary History?
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...
The Evidence for Evolution
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Convergent Evolution
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
Gene Families
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.

