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El tabaquismo y la mortalidad por enfermedad coronaria en los ancianos
JAMA
|November 23, 1984
Resumen
Incluso en los adultos mayores, fumar cigarrillos aumenta significativamente el riesgo de muerte por enfermedad coronaria. Dejar de fumar, incluso más tarde en la vida, puede reducir este exceso de riesgo de mortalidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología Gerontología.
- Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Fumar cigarrillos es un factor de riesgo bien establecido para la mortalidad.
- El impacto del tabaquismo en la supervivencia en las poblaciones de ancianos requiere más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar si fumar cigarrillos continúa afectando negativamente la supervivencia en individuos de 65 a 74 años.
- Para cuantificar el exceso de riesgo de muerte por enfermedad coronaria asociado con el tabaquismo en este grupo de edad.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos de un estudio longitudinal.
- Inclusión de 2.674 participantes de entre 65 y 74 años.
- Comparación de los riesgos de mortalidad entre los fumadores actuales y otros grupos (no fumadores, ex fumadores, fumadores de pipa/cigarros).
Principales resultados:
- Los fumadores actuales de cigarrillos se enfrentaban a un riesgo 52% mayor de muerte por enfermedad coronaria en comparación con los no fumadores, los ex fumadores o los fumadores de pipa y cigarro.
- El riesgo elevado de mortalidad asociado con el tabaquismo disminuyó entre uno y cinco años después de dejar de fumar.
- Dejar de fumar demostró un claro beneficio en la reducción del riesgo de mortalidad en los ancianos.
Conclusiones:
- Fumar cigarrillos sigue siendo un importante factor de riesgo independiente para la mortalidad en personas mayores.
- Fomentar el abandono del tabaco entre los fumadores de edad avanzada es crucial para mejorar la supervivencia y reducir la carga de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
- Las iniciativas de salud pública deben dirigirse a los fumadores adultos mayores para promover el abandono y mitigar los riesgos para la salud.
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